NTIPRIT

Overview of V-SAT, DSPT, IDR &

DCME
 
c s sharma

National Telecommunication Institute for Policy Research, Innovation and Training

Ghaziabad – 201002. www.ntiprit.gov.in
SATELLITE
 Benefits of using satellite
• Ubiquitous Coverage.
A small group or constellation of satellites can cover
virtually all of the inhabited Earth’s surface. Even
one satellite can cover a much vaster number of
potential subscribers than any terrestrial network.
• Infrastructure Building. Satellite service can be
offered in areas where there is no terrestrial
infrastructure and the costs of deploying a fiber or
microwave network are prohibitive. It can also
support services in areas where existing
infrastructure is outdated or insufficient.
 COMMUNICATION SATELLITE
• A Communications satellite (sometimes
abbreviated to COMSAT) is an artificial
satellite stationed in space for the purpose of
telecommunications. Modern communications
satellites use a variety of orbits including
geostationary orbits, other elliptical orbits and
low (polar and non-polar) Earth orbits.
SATELITTE COMMUNICATION
 VSAT(VERY SMALL APPERATURE TERMINAL)

• A very small aperture terminal (VSAT) is a device - known as

an earth station - that is used to receive satellite transmissions

• The "very small" component of the VSAT acronym refers to

the size of the VSAT “antenna” or “dish” - typically about 2 to
5feet (0.55-1.8 meters) in diameter for Ku-band systems - that
is mounted on a roof, attached to a wall or placed on the
ground and is capable of both receiving and sending satellite
signals.
 VSAT
• VSAT(VERY
. SMALL APPERATURE TERMINAL)
technology is a secure and reliable medium to
connect geographically dispersed locations and
represents a cost effective solution for users seeking
an independent communication network connecting
to the global network.
.

VSAT services are delivered through the use of

either C-Band or KU-Band geostationary satellites
for video, voice, fax and data transmissions
VSAT Introduction

C S SHARMA
Director NTIPRIT DoT New
Delhi.
In 1985, Schlumberger Oilfield Research co-
developed the world's first Ku band (12–
14 GHz) VSATs with Hughes Aerospace to
provide portable network connectivity for oil
field drilling and exploration units.

Ku Band VSATs make up the vast majority of

sites in use today for data or telephony
applications. The largest VSAT network (more
than 12,000 sites) was deployed by Spacenet
and MCI for the US Postal Service.
• Ku-band is a portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum in the
microwave range of frequencies ranging
from 11.7GHz-12.7GHz (downlink
frequencies) and 14GHz-14.5GHz (uplink
frequencies).
WHICH BAND IS TO BE USED ?
 How does a VSAT
network work? 
A VSAT network has three components:
•A central hub (also called a master earth
station)
•The satellite
•A virtually unlimited number of VSAT earth
stations in various locations - across a country
or continent.
 Content originates at the hub, which
features a very large -15 to 36-foot (4,5 -11m)-
antenna.
The hub controls the network through a
network management system (NMS) server,
which allows a network operator to monitor
and control all components of the network.
 The NMS operator can view, modify and
download individual configuration information
to the individual VSATs.
VSAT NETWORK
Outbound information (from the hub to the
VSATs) is sent up to the communications
satellite's transponder, which receives it,
amplifies it and beams it back to earth for
reception by the remote VSATs.
The VSATs at the remote locations send
information inbound (from the VSATs to the
hub) via the same satellite transponder to the
hub station.
 Configurations
 Most VSAT networks are configured in
one of these topologies:
•A star topology, using a central uplink site,
such as a network operations center(NOC),
to transport data back and forth to each
VSAT terminal via satellite,
•A mesh topology, where each VSAT
terminal relays data via satellite to another
terminal by acting as a hub, minimizing the
need for a centralized uplink site,
•A combination of both star and mesh
topologies. Some VSAT networks are
configured by having several centralized
uplink sites (and VSAT terminals stemming
from it) connected in a multi-star topology
with each star (and each terminal in each
star) connected to each other in a mesh
topology.
•Others configured in only a single star
topology sometimes will have each terminal
connected to each other as well, resulting in
each terminal acting as a central hub.
 Mesh Topology
•In a mesh network,
devices are connected
with many redundant
interconnections between
network nodes. In a true
mesh topology every
node has a connection to
every other node in the
network.
Star Topology
In a star network
devices are
connected to a
central computer,
called a hub. Nodes
communicate across
the network by
passing data through
the hub.
 Constituent parts of a
VSAT configuration

VSAT Equipment is mainly

consist of-
 ODU ( Outdoor Unit )
ODU

Dish

LNB

BUC
Feed horn

BUC : Block UpConvertor

•IDU ( Indoor Unit )

Power
LAN Link
Ethernet
IDU (IPX-5100)
Sync
 Outdoor Unit (ODU):
The outdoor unit system is specifically
optimized for use with the Indoor Unit
and consists of:

•Antenna (0.75m - 1.8m)

•Block Up converter (BUC) (1W-2W)
•Low Noise Block-Down converter
(LNB)
•Feed horn
•IFL cable
 1.Antenna is a device used for transmitting and receiving radio signals.
2.Block Up Converter; Up converts and amplifies modem information for
transmission to the satellite. A BUC (Block Up-Converter) takes an L-band
input and transmits it upstream to the satellite on Ka, Ku, or C band
 

3.Low Noise Block Down Converter; Down converts and

amplifies signals received from the satellite to the modem or receiver.
In addition to amplifying the signal, the LNB also converts the signal to
a frequency usable by the In-Door-Unit.
4.Feed horn: It is a part of satellite dish system which gathers
the reflected signals from dishes and focuses it towards the LNB.

5.IFL(Inter facility Link Cable) refers to the cable which connects the
ODU with IDU .IFL cable is often a shielded co-axial cable terminated with
BNC F-type and N-type connectors.
 Indoor unit (IDU)
• IDU is connected to ODU by IFL
(Intra Facility Link) :In consumer
satellite television application , the IDU
usually consist of the satellite receiver
which is connected to television .
• In consumer satellite internet
application , the IDU usually consist if a
satellite modem which is connected to
a computer or a router .
  VSAT SERVICES OFFERED

VSAT is an ideal satellite network that

provides communications support for a
wide range of applications:
-Voice Application
-Facsimile
- Financial Management
- Data processing
- Reservation System
 - Reservation System
- Telemetry & Data Collection
- News Wire Services
- Private-Line Voice
- Distance Education
- High Speed Internet Access
- Telemedicine
-High speed Broadband Internet
 DoT Policy on VSAT

• The New Telecom Policy 1999 envisaged grant

of license on non-exclusive basis to Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) service providers for
a period of 20 years extendable one time by 10
years.
• Accordingly, licenses  are  issued  to  applicants
to establish, install, operate and maintain VSAT
Closed Users Group (CUG) Domestic Data
Network service via INSAT Satellite System on
non- exclusive basis within territorial boundary
 DoT Policy on VSAT
• There  are  two  types  of CUG  VSAT  licenses :
(i) Commercial CUG VSAT  license  and
(ii) Captive  CUG  VSAT license.
• The commercial VSAT service provider can offer
the service on commercial basis to the
subscribers by setting up a number of  Closed
User Groups (CUGs) whereas in the captive VSAT
service only one CUG can be set up for the
captive use of the licensee.  
 DSPT
• DSPT involves setting up a VSAT
Satellite phones don't rely on a terrestrial cell
phone network. Instead, they beam their data
directly to and from satellites orbiting Earth.

lets you make calls and transfer data via its satellite
connection.
 DIGITAL SATELLITE PHONE TERMINAL (DSPT)

Digital Satellite Phone Terminal System (DSPT system or DSPS) project involves
setting up a VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) Based network for BSNL. The
system consists of HUB Station and Remote Digital Satellite Phone Terminals
working in Ku-Band (Transmit Frequency is 13.75-14.5 GHz and Receive is 10.7-
12.75 GHz).

DSPT Network provides PSTN connectivity to rural, remote, inaccessible and

hilly areas via INSAT ( Indian national satellite)

The VSAT system works in a star topology using DAMA (Demand Assigned
Multiple Access) technology. For BSNL VSAT network the Hub shall be
located at Sikanderabad (UP), adjoining Delhi, in Uttar-Pradesh and there
shall be 15000 DSPT remotes located over several states in India with
higher proportions being in North, North East and East provinces.
 HUB OF DSPT
• INDOOR FACILITIES
• 1.HUB BASE BAND
• 2.TRANSIT SWITCH

• In the Indoor facility consists of redundant Hub-base band unit, a

Transit switch to provide connectivity to PSTN network,
associated Data-Base servers, Billing system consisting of Billing
system Hardware and software, the data networking equipment
consisting Firewall, web-server, Authentication server and router
to provide backend connectivity to the Internet. The base-band
and remotes have a NMS and its database to configure and
manage the entire VSAT-based network.
 HUB OF DSPT

• OUTDOOR FACILITIES
• a. Antenna (8.1 Meter antenna assembly): In the Outdoor facility
has an Extended motion antenna assembly, which is controlled by
3-phase Elevation and Azimuth motors. The Antenna consists of a
Cass-grain Feed Horn with Hyperbolic dish at focus of antenna.
• b. RF path: RF path consists of Transmit chain and Receive chain.
• Transmit chain consists of-ULPC (Up Link Power Control), Up
Converter and SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifier)
• Receive chain consists of- Trance reject filter,- Radar reject filter,
LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), Power divider and Down converter
 DSPT
• Up-Link: 13.75- 14.5 Ghz
• Down-Link: 10.7- 12.75 Ghz
 IDR & DCME
• IDR: Intermediate Data Rate
• Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment
(DCME)
 BEL IDR Equipment

BEL IDR Equipment

5/12/20 39
 Intermediate Data Rate (IDR)
IDR system provides Trunk connectivity between Telephone
exchanges for Digital Telephony data via Satellite.
 Standards defined in INTELSAT IESS 308-310
Data rate : 64kbps to 44.736Mbps
E1- 2.048Mbps
E2- 8.448Mbps generally these 3 bitrates used
E3- 34.368Mbps
Supports Engineering Service Channel (ESC) of 96Kbps

5/12/20 40
 IDR System

UP
UP SSPA
CONVERTER
CONVERTER
E1/E2 DATA
FROM / TO
EXCHANGE
ECHO
ECHO MODEM
MODEM
CANCELLER
CANCELLER

Other Subsystems :
DOWN
DOWN LNA
LNA
Redundancy Switch CONVERTER
CONVERTER

Equalizer
ESC Switch
IF / RF Power Combiner/ Divider

5/12/20 41
 Echo canceller
What is an echo and what causes it:

• An echo in a telephony network is when the CALLER hears his own voice
again after a time-lag when making a voice call.

• Two-to-four wire conversion use hybrid 2-to-4wire conversion circuits.

• Hybrid circuits never result in perfect impedance matches.

• This results in a part of the voice being reflected back, thereby resulting in an
echo.

5/12/20 42
 Modem
MODULATOR
96Kbps RS-2370Kbps TR-4740Kbps
CR-2144Kbps
RS CONV.
OVERHEAD SCRAMBL INTERLEAVE UNIQUE
ENCODER
FRAMING ER R WORD
(126,112,7) ENCODER

I & Q TO IF
2048Kbps CARD

I & Q FROM IF
96Kbps DEMODULATOR CARD
CR-2144Kbps RS-2370Kbps

RS VITERBI
OVERHEAD DESCRA DE- UNIQUE
DECODER
DEFRAMER MBLER INTERLEAVE WORD
(126,112,7) R DECODER

2048Kbps

5/12/20 43
 UpConverter
1182.5±18MHz C-BAND
IF RF O/P
INPUT RF IF RF
70±18MHz
5845-6425MHz
IFLO
1112.5MHz RFLO 4662.5 –
5242.5MHz
SYNTHESIZER OCXO
10MHz

RS232 I/F
NVRAM TO PC
MICRO
KEYPAD & LCD BACKUP
CONTROLLER
DISPLAY SWITCHING

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 UpConverter (SFC6400A)
Standard C Band Frequency - 5.845 to 6.425GHz
+27 dBm output drives 200 extra feet of coaxial cable
50 dB of gain control at 0.1 dB resolution
Versatile input and output attenuator eases integration
Low phase noise & group delay
+Plug-and-Play Compatibility With 1:1 and 1:N chain Switching interface
RF and IF Monitor Ports
LED indications of Faults and status; Signal fault, LO faults, Standby
Priority Switching

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 DownConverter
1042.5±18MHz C-BAND
IF O/P IF RF RF I/P
RF

70±18MHz 3620-4200MHz
IFLO
1112.5MHz RFLO 4662.5 –
5242.5MHz
SYNTHESIZER OCXO
10MHz

RS232 I/F
NVRAM TO PC
MICRO
KEYPAD & LCD BACKUP
CONTROLLER
DISPLAY SWITCHING

5/12/20 46
 DownConverter (SFC4200A)
Standard C Band Frequency - 3.625 to 4.2GHz
High Receive Range; -110dBm with an aggregate input power of –25dbm
Low Phase Noise
RS-232/-422/-485/ Operator Serial Interface
Plug-and-Play Compatibility With 1:1 and 1:N Switches
Available in Extended Frequency Bands
RF and IF Monitor Ports
LED indications of Faults and status; Signal fault, LO faults, Standby, Online etc
Priority Switching

5/12/20 47
 Low Noise amplifier

Low noise temperature

Low inter-modulation products/ compression
Enhanced reliability
Compact design and rugged construction
Works in C-Band (3625-4200MHz)
Gain : 50 db Min
I/P & O/P VSWR : 1.25:1

5/12/20 48
 EXISTING AT SITE

SSPA (1+1) RACK WITH

MODEM RACK (2MBPS) 1140 029 740 24 RF RACK(2MBPS) 1140 029 753 82 SWITCH
1:1 SSPA CONTROL UNIT

SW
SW
8:1
8:1MODEM
MODEM SWITCH
SWITCHOVER
OVERUNIT
UNIT
SSPA PARABOLIC DISH
1 1 SYSTEM ANTENNA
MODEM-1 SYSTEM UPCONVERTER-1
2 2 EQUA-
EQUA- WITH SWITCH 4:1
8:1 LIZER-1 4:1
3 3 MODEM-2 LIZER-1 RF
IF RF
4

R
4

S
E1 DATA UPCONVERTER-R POWER

C
POWER
W II TT CC HH

O
MODEM-3 POWER SSPA
5

F
FROM
ECHO

I\P
EXCHANGE ECHO

O\P
6 CANCE
CANCE
6 COMBINE T
MODEM-4 COMBINER COMBINE
-LLER
-LLER 7 SYSTEM
SYSTEM RR R
7

W II TT CC HH
EQUA-
EQUA- F
8 MODEM-5
DD AATTAA SS W

8 LIZER-2
LIZER-2
(BACKUP)
(BACKUP)
OPER HAND MODEM-6
SET
IIFF SS W
MODEM-7

MODEM-8 1:8
ESC
ESC
4-WIRE EXT
TELEPHONE
SWITC MODEM-R IF O/P I/P
SWITC DOWNCONVERTER-
HH POWER LNA
1 WITH SWITCH
DIV1DER 1:8
RF
DOWNCONVERTER-
R POWER LNA
DIVIDE SW SW
R

SSPA:SOLID STATE POWER AMPLIFIER

NOTE: LNA: LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER
• ANTENNA ,SSPA & RECEIVE CHAIN UP TO 1:8 POWER DIVIDER EXISTING AT HUB SITE
RSCOF :RADAR SUPPRESSION CUTOFF
• ECHOCANCELLER SHELF LOADED WITH 4Nos OF EC CARDS INCLUDING 1No SPARE EC CARD FILTER
•IF TWO/THREE CARRIERS ARE TO BE COMBINED PER UPCONVERTER, ADDITIONAL IF POWER COMBINER/ DIVIDER IS REQUIRED TRF :TRANSMIT REJECT FILTER
ESC :ENGINEERING SERVICE CHANNEL
EC :ECHO CANCELLER

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR 2MBPS IDR EQUIPMENT

5/12/20 49
 Digital Circuit Multiplication equipment
(DCME)
• Digital Circuit Multiplication equipment (DCME) is a
general class of equipment
• which permits concentration of a number of 64 kbit/s
PCM encoded input trunk
• channels on a reduced number of transmission.

DCME is utilized as a means of augmenting

the capacity of digital transmission
 Need for DCME ?
• Conventional telecom networks operate on G703 E1 backbone.

• For every 30 user channels, 2MB Bandwidth is required in the

transmission media.

• For 300 user channels, 20 MB bandwidth is required.

• Every 2MB costs Rs.40 lakhs / annum (approx.) in Satellite

media.

• DCME helps in compressing multiple E1s to single E1.

• Thus a large saving in bandwidth & in cost for the service provider.
 WHERE DCME IS USED?
• Between two pstn networks in fixed line
communication

• Between msc-pstn or msc-msc networks in mobile

communication

• Between vsat ground terminal to another vsat

ground terminal via satellite.
INTERNATIONAL GATEWAY
 INTERGRATION WITH BSNL NETWORK
1+1 POINT TO POINT

10E1 10E1

SWITCH OF I I
DCME SWITCH OF
EXCHANGE D SATELLITE
D DCME EXCHANGE
(1+1) R R 1+1

STN-A STN-B

05/12/2020 54
 TelsiNex - Overview
• Compact Design.
• 19” Rack Mountable, 1 U Size.
• Modular and scalable architecture.
• Scalable from compression ratio of 4:1 up to 10:1 (For current
supplies)
• Compressed voice transmission over E1 TDM.
• Built in cross connect capability.
• High channel capacity with guaranteed QOS.
• Toll quality voice achieved using low bit rate encoding.
• Very low power consumption, 2A max @ -48V DC for 10:1
• Rugged high MTBF design for adverse operating conditions
• Fast payback through reduced operational costs

05/12/2020 55
 DCME UNIT

LED

2+2 BEARER 10 TRUNKS NA

ESC ETHERNET
PORTS
ALARM EXT CLOCK RS232

05/12/2020 56
THANK YOU