UNIT 6 PART I

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 2

ENGLISH FOR ARCHITECTURE pp.

Ulaanbaatar 2020
Objectives

• Understand the professional terms

• Enhance students’ reading comprehension
• Focus on accurate use language negotiations
• Learn the vocabulary and expression in architecture
 Shape up!
1. What is the difference between an arch and a dome?
2. What great examples of dames do you know?
DOMES
  AND RELATED ELEMENTS
The dome may be regarded as the three-dimensional counterpart of the arch. In its true
circular form, a vertical arch is rotated around a vertical axis and sweeps out, at every level, a
continuous circular horizontal ring. The simple dome form, set directly on the ground, was the
first completely manmade spatial enclosure. Simple domed huts, constructed from a wide
variety of materials, can still be found throughout the word. The dome, constructed with
horizontally bedded rings and sharply pointed profile, had already achieved monumental
proportions by about the century BC in the great tombs at Mycenae. But these tombs were
not completely freestanding. They depended partly for their stability on the earth piled
against them outside. The full development of the potential of the truly freestanding dome
owed much to Roman concrete. Roman builders constructed over the Pantheon in the early
century a dome that has twice since been equaled but never really surpassed.
The later Western development was initiated by an achievement that, in the
circumstances of the time, probably exceeded that of Hadrian’s architect of the Pantheon
dome. This was Brunelleschi’s construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral in the early
century. A major difficulty here was the octagonal plan form which Brunelleschi was
constrained to follow throughout the height of the dome itself. His central idea was to
construct it, nevertheless, as if it were a circular dome of the same internal diameter as the
diagonals of the octagon-a diameter that slightly exceeded that of the Pantheon dome. In this
way, and by means of numerous related devices, he succeeded in completing it without any
centering, as the first Renaissance double dome.
Vocabulary
• counterpart- хуулбар, хувь to constrain- албадах,
хүчлэх, барих
• to rotate- эргүүлэх to succeed-зорилгодоо хүрэх,
амжууах
• to owe – ёстой, үүрэгтэй байх nevertheless- гэвч, гэхдээ,
боловч
1. Complete the following sentences.
1. The dome may be regarded as the three-dimensional counterpart of …
a) the column b) the arch c) the roof
2. The simple dome form, set directly on the ground, was the first completely manmade spatial …
a) tomb b)
palace c) enclosure
3. The dome, constructed with horizontally bedded rings and sharply pointed profile, was used in … at
Mycenae.
a) the temples b) the great tombs c) the palaces
4. Romans builders constructed over … a dome that has never been really surpassed.
a) the Parthenon b) the Colosseum c) the Pantheon
5. The dome of … is considered to be the first Renaissance double dome.
a) Santa Croce b) Siena Cathedral c) Florence Cathedral
 
2. Choose the right synonym.
1. The dome may be regarded as the three dimensional counterpart of the arch.
a) received b) considered c) chosen
2. Simple domed huts can still be found throughout the world.
a) towers b) small cabins c) skyscrapers
3. The full development of the potential of the truly freestanding dome owed much to Roman concrete.

a) was indebted b) showed c) meant

4. He achieved it by means of numerous related devices.
a) details b) contrivances c) sciences
5. The diameter of the dome of Florence Cathedral slightly exceeded that of the Pantheon one.

a) rose b) excelled c) resembled

4. Speak about the development of the dome form. Use the
following questions as a plan.

1. What is the three dimensional counterpart of the arch?

2. How can you describe the true circular form of the dome?
3. What materials did Roman builders use for domes?
4. What is the great example of Roman concrete work?
5. Who constructed the first Renaissance double dome?
6. What was the idea of its construction?
5. Study and read about the column terminology.
Column number terminology
An additional definition is determined by the number of columns at the

Technical term Number of columns at

front
Distyle 2 columns

Tetrastyle 4 columns

Hexastyle 6 columns

Octostyle 8 columns

Decastyle 10 columns
PART II SITE SURVEY AND ANALYSIS
1. Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.
1. What are some different methods of site analysis?
2. What is the purpose of a site survey?
 
From: g.powers@howellrogers.com
To: e.pierce@howellrogers.com
Subject: Cote Building
Emmett,
Let me bring you up to date on the Cote Building project. As you know, we’re
beginning major site analysis next week. The building will be in the center of the north
campus. Basic site mapping is already done, and space is limited. The university’s
existing buildings are very close together. What we need you to do first is a figure
ground study. Students will still need access to the surrounding buildings. The figure
ground study will highlight the campus walkways. Your second priority is the site
survey. Just measure the construction site and the adjacent buildings. Don’t worry
about the surrounding terrain. We have plenty of detailed historical tracings of the
site. If you have time, go ahead and make a serial vision. That will give us some
different perspectives of the locality. Obviously, we already know about factors like
climate and temperature. We will compile the results of your survey with existing
data. From there, we can move on to the planning process.
Gail Powers
2. Read the email. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or
false (F).
1. __ The new building will be surrounded by other buildings.
2. __ The surveyors will complete a figure ground study after a site survey.
3. __ The surveyor will do a historical tracing of the site.
3. Match the words and phrases (1-9) with the definitions (A-I).
1. access 2. temperature 3. climate
4. site survey 5. mapping 6. site analysis
7. locality 8. serial vision 9. measure
A. the detailed study of a site
B. the process of making a flat representation of a location
C. a site mapping technique that shows the mapper’s viewpoint
D. the average long-term weather pattern for a region
E. the degree of heat or coolness
F. a specific place or location
G. to find the dimensions of something
H. a quantitative analysis of the physical aspects of a site
I. the ability to use or enter something
4. Read the sentence pairs. Choose which word or phrase best
fits each blank.
1. adjacent /existing
A. The building that is ____to the one is blocking the sunlight.
B. An _____ structure is one that is already there.
2. figure ground study/historical tracing
A. A _______ shows the evolution of a site over time.
B. A _______ highlights positive and negative space.
 
5. Listen and read the email again. What kind of site analysis
conveys the surveyor’s personal impression of the site?
Listening
6. Listen to a conversation between a surveyor and an architect. Choose
the correct answers.
1. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. the details of an upcoming site analysis
B. instructions for making a historical tracing of a site
C. a request to take additional measurements at a site
D. a potential problem discovered during a site survey
2. What will the woman likely do next?
A. make a serial vision of the locality
B. measure the current temperature at the site
C. find a figure ground study of the neighborhood
D. assemble a historical tracing of the locality
 
7 Listen again and complete the conversation.
Surveyor: Hey, Ed. Can I talk to you about the results of the 1. ____ ____?
Architect: Sure. 2. _____ _____?
Surveyor: Well, I measured all of the site dimensions, and I’m worried about
a 3. _____ _____ with the house next door.
Architect: Okay. What kind of problem?
Surveyor: There’s a shared walkway between the properties. And it’s only
about a foot wide.
Architect: And the 4. ______ house is right on the edge of the walkway?
Surveyor: Exactly. But 5. _____ ______ ____- they have a side door that
opens onto the walkway.
Architect: I see. So if we build at the edge of the property, the neighbors
won’t have 6. ____to their door.
Speaking
 
8. With a partner, act out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
 
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: Can I talk to you … I’m worried
about
 
Student A: You are a surveyor. Talk to Student B about:
the results of a site survey
a potential problem
how to resolve the problem
Student B: You are an architect. Talk to Student A about the
results of a site survey.
HOMEWORK

Writing
9. Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the memo to the surveyors.
 
MEMO
To the survey team,
The site survey revealed a problem with the building plan.
Problem: ______________ Solution: _________________
Homework: Read about today’s topic broadly from
online resource.