.

Phrases and it's

types

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Group Presentation
• Submitted by:
Shakila Anjum 18071517_002
Harram Ayesha _028
Noor Fatima _036
Amina Irshad _013
Irfan Imtiaaz _029
Submitted to :
MAM FARIA SHAHEEN
 Contents
1. What is phrase with examples
2. What is Noun phrase
3. Verb phrase
4. Adverb phrase
5. Adjective phrase
6. Prepositional phrase
 .
7.Absolute phrase
8.Gerund phrase
9.Participle phrase
What is meant by "Phrase"
• A phrase is a group (or pairing) of
words in English. A phrase can be short
or long,
• A phrase will always be more than one
word.
 Examples
• More Examples:
• In the air (prepositional phrase)
• Beside the bed (prepositional phrase)
• Along the road (prepositional phrase)
• To live and breathe (infinitive phrase)
• Looking stunning (participle phrase)
 Types of phrases

1.Noun phrase 2.Verb phrase

3.Adverb phrase 4.Adjective phrase
5.Prepositional phrase
6. Infinitive phrase
7.Absolute phrase 8.Gerund phrase
9.Participle phrase
 What is a noun phrase
• Noun phrases consist of a noun and its
modifiers.
Examples: a soft, comfortable bed
Reading a book.
• The tall basketball playerA noun phrase
usually consist of :
• Noun +modifiers or determiners
Examples of noun phrase
• ..
Noun Phrase Examples
• Noun phrases are simply nouns with
modifiers. Just as nouns can act as subjects,
objects ,prepositional or object etc.
• Similarly, noun phrases can also work in a
sentence as adjectives, participles,
infinitives, and prepositional or absolute
phrases.
Function of noun phrase
• Noun phrases can function in several
different ways in a sentence. Some of
the most common functions of noun
phrases are listed below.
• 1. subject:
• 2. direct object:
• 3. Object of a preposition:
• 4. indirect object:
Noun phrase as a subject
• Examples:
• a yellow house
• a skate board
• the glistening snow
• Each of these phrases contains a noun
(house, board, snow). The other words
modify the noun.
• Examples of noun phrase as subject: The
yellow house is for sale.
Subject complement & direct
object
• Subject complement
• Grace is my niece She seems a young girl.
• Direct object
• Examples of noun phrase as direct object: I
want a skate board.
• Should we buy the yellow house?
• He bought a new car
Object complement & Object of
preposition

• Object complement
• She called him an idiot
• Object of preposition
Examples of noun phrase as object of
preposition:
• Jeff rode on a skate board.
• Karen lives in the yellow house.
Noun phrase as indirect
object
• Example of noun phrase as indirect object:
Lisa gave the little boy a candy.
She told her husband the truth.
 Pre modifires
• Usually phrases are made of a HEAD and a
series of MODIFIERS, i.e. words that give
extra information about the HEAD. They can
precede (PREMODIFIERS) or follow
(POSTMODIFIERS) the head.
• The young girl who lives next door . They
occur before the noun and after any
determiners.
 Premodifier
• In a noun phrase the premodifier is
typically an adjective.
• Examples:
• Young girls, a young girl, some young
girl.
Pre-modifiers can co-occur (more than
one adj.):
• Lovely young girls; a mature young
girl. intelligent young girls.
 Postmodifiers
• Post modifires Prepositional phrases
usually occur after a noun, generally
introduced by of:
• A box of chocolate, a piece of mind, a
biography of Hitler , The Tower of London.
• Other prepositions: The cottage on the
beach, the museum in New York,
the road to Calcutta, a room with a shower,
people without cell phone.
 .
• • "The very tall education consultant with
the roving eye"
• Pre-modification ,The =determiner,
very=adverb (intensifying)
• tall = adjective
• education = pre-modifying noun
• Head noun= Consultant ,Postmodification
• with the roving eye = preposition phrase
 .

Verb Phrase
 What is verb ?
• Verb is used to demonstrate an action .like
singing,eating,laying etc
• Example :
• He is going to school .
• He is plucking the flower.
• He works in a shop .
 What is verb phrase?
• Verb phrase is a portion of a sentence that
contain the both verb and either a direct or
indirect object.
• The verb phrase contain main verb and
helping verb .
• the information is usually descriptive .
• This is used to show activeness that can be
done. active verbs are used while linking
verbs describe condition.
 Verb phrase

• Example :
• Computer network run smart houses .
• In this sentence we have a complete
predicate (run smart houses )
• Network is simple subject .
• Main verb is (run).
• Computer network may run smart houses .
 verb phrase
In tis sentence we have one main verb and a
helping verb .but where lets find out :
Main verb ?
Run
Helping verb ?
May
Main verb + helping verb =verb phrase
I will have been programmed for winter.
Main verb =programmed ,helping verb
will,have been .
Structure of verb phrase
• Verb phrase
• Main verb
• Forms of main verb
• Tenses
• Person
• Number
• Aspect
• Future time
• Auxiliary verbs
•
 Continue...
• Primary verbs
• Modal auxiliaries
• The sequence of auxiliaries
 Continue...
• Main verb :
• Forms of main verb :
• Base form : laugh ,give ,speak,mention,be
• Present form :laughs ,gives
,speaks,is,are,am.
• Past form:laughed ,
mentioned,gave,spoke,was,were.
• Ed participle: laughed, mentioned,given ,
spoken, been.
• Ing participle: laughing, mentioning, giving,
 Continue...
• Tenses
• Present
• Past
• Tenses : I am dancer .
• Tense , present
• Person: first
• Number: singular
 Continue...
• Person
• First person
• Second person
• Third person
• Tense: they played foot ball
• Tense past
• Person: Third
• Number: plural
 Continue....
• Number :
• Singular
• Plural
• Aspect:
• Perfective (auxiliary have +Ed participle)
• Example :
• I have closed the shop for the day.
• The police had closed the shop .
 Continue...
• Progressive(auxiliariey be +ing participle)
• You are neglecting your work.
• I am resting .
• I was waiting for you in the lobby .
• Auxiliaries verbs :
• Primary verbs :be,do,have .
• Examples:
• I am listening the music.
 Continue....
• Do you always put the cat out at Night ?
• I have never travelled to China .
• Modal auxiliaries
• The sequence of auxiliaries
• Modal auxiliaries:
• You should be care full
• Perfect auxiliaries
• You should have been more careful
 Progressive auxiliariey
• You should have been cutting the carrots.
• The room should be clean yesterday.
 State verb
• We do normally use certain verbs with the
present,continuous or other continuous
tenses .
• These verbs describe a state ,or an activity.
• They are called state verbs they include.
• Mental thinking verbs :
• Agree , believe,disagree, doubt, expect.
• Attitude:
• Dislike ,hate ,like,love ,need ,prefer.
 Continue....
• Sense /perception:
• Hear ,sense ,taste, qualities.
• Existence:
• Being ,lack,own,exist,own.
 .

Adverb phrase
What is adverb phrase ?
• An adverb phrase may consist of one or
more words .
• The adverb can be a head if the phrase or it
can be apperason alone . it can be modified
by other word .
• Adverb are one of the four major classes
along with the noun ,verbs ,and adjective.
Function of adverb phrase :
• Adverb phrase commenly use to modify
verbs :
• Children group up Really quickly .
• I exercise very regularly.
• I eat quite healthily.
• Adverb phrase with be:
• I am up stairs .I will only be a minute.
• They are right their on the table .
 Continue....
• Adverb phrase in adjective:
• To modify other adverb and adjective:
• I found it(adverb) extremely ,(adjective ) difficult
to talk to her .
• He drives (adverb) really (adverb) carefully.
• Adverb phrase is used to modify noun phrase and
prepositional phrase
• That’s (adverb) quite (Noun phrase) A big tree.
• It’s a (tree that is special in some way e.g.its
very big)
 Continue...
• There was (adverb) hardly (pronoun )any one at
the concert .
• We climbed (adverb)right (Prepositional Phrase )
over the top of the hill and down again .
• Adverb phrase is also used to modify determiner
especially especially word like some half many
quantifiers.
• Only half of my friends. Could come to my party.
• Very few people have heard of my city .it’s very
sad .
 Continue....
• Adverb phrase of time :
• I get up in the morning.
• Inthis sentence the phrase in the morning
modifies the verb phrase get up and tell about the
time or the action get _when ?_in the
morning.that hence it is an adverb phrase of time
• Adverb phrase of manner :
• Mr Smith walks at an easy pace .
• In this sentence the the phrase at easy
pace,modifies the verb walks and talks about the
manner if action .(walks how ? At an easy
pace)and hence it is an adventure if time .
 Continue...
• Adverb phrase of purpose:
• Let’s look at the sentence:
• I failed in the exam due to my carelessness.
• In this sentence the phrase due to my carelessness
modifies the verb failed and tells about the reason
of action (failed why ?due to the carelessness.)
• And hance is an adverb phrase of reason .
• Adverb phrase of condition:
• unless proved otherwise his guilt is
conclusively established .
 Contiue...
• In this sentence the phrase Unless prover
otherwise modifies the verb “is
established”and tells about the condition of
the hence it is an adverb phrase of
condition.
Types of adverb phrase:
• Adverb phrase of time
• Tells us when the action has happened.
• Adverb phrase of frequency :
• How often some thing happen .
• Adverb phrase of manner :
• Tells us how the action has happened.
• Adverb phrase of degree :
• Adverb phrase of place :
 .

Prepositional phrase
 What is preposition
• “A word that show a relationship between
a noun or pronoun and some other word in
the sentence”
• A preposition is a word that show location
• Show how two words or ideas are related
• For example:
• On , over , under , above etc…
• The telephone is above the table.
 Prepositional Phrase:
• “A preposition phrase is a group of words
begin with a preposition and ends in a noun
or pronoun”
• For example:
• The girl ran around the track.
• In this sentence, (around the track) is
prepositional phrase.
 Prepositional phrase:
• The noun or pronoun that ends the
prepositional phrase is called the of object
the preposition.
• For example: He sat in the desk.
• In is the preposition.
• Desk is the object of the preposition.
• 2.She stole money from him.
• From is the preposition.
• Him is the object of preposition.
 Prepositional phrase:
• It can modify noun, verbs.
• Most prepositional phrases follow verbs not
noun to show the place or time of the
action. For example:
• He hid among the crowd.
• Preposition can combine to make
compound phrase.
• For example:
• The volley ball was on top of the house.
Function of prepositional
phrase:
• Prepositional phrase function as an
adjective(which one) or adverb(how ?
when?) For example:
• Adjective prepositional phrase:
• modifies a noun or pronoun.
• Which one? What kind?
• Adverb prepositional phrase:
• Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
• Where? When?
Example of prepositional
phrase:
• He was running away from bugs.
• He was talking with his moth full.
• The cat sit under the table.
 .

Adjectival phrase
What is adjectival phrase?
• “Adjective phrases are defined as phrases
in which an adjective functions as the head
of the phrase”
• An adjectival phrase can give more detail
about a noun.
• An adjectival phrase can come before or
after a noun.
• For Example:
• She tasted the chocolate which was melting
fast.
Structure of adjective phrase
• Adverb modifier(pre_modifier)
• Modifying or qualifying constituent which
perecede the head.
• Head:
• Which is an adjective serving as the focus of
the phrase.
• Post modification:
• Constituent which follow the head and
completes the meaning implied by the
head.
Example of adjectival phrase:
She had extremely blue eyes.
She wore very expensive dress.
Sarah was hostile towards me.
 Verbal
• Definition
• Any form of verb that function as a noun
adjective or adverb
.Three kinds
• Gerund , participle and infinitive
• Gerund definition : the form of verb which
ends as -ing and has the force of a noun
and verb is called gerund.
 .

Gerund phrase
 Kind of gerund
When -ing verb is used as noun .and it
performs all the functions which a standard
noun does
• Uses of present gerund
• As a subject
Example:
Laughing is a good habbit
Reading is my hobby
Playing is good for health.
 Continue.....
• As a subject with its own object
Laughing at poor is not good hobbit
Abusing the student in not a good habit
As an object of verb
I like reading
We love hunting
He enjoying raining
 continue.....
• As an a object of preposition
• I am tired of waiting
• He is fond of swimming
• They are punished for telling a lie
• As a complement of a verb
• What she wants is passing marks
• His hobby is reading book
• Note ('The' use before 'of' use after.)
 .
• The perfect gerund
• Having +3rd _v is called perfect gerund. It is
used to express the complete action of the
past and gives the meaning of the past and
past perfect tenses.
• Eg.
• He denies having killed ali
• Verb proceeding will perform as past
perfect.
 .
• Participle or verbal adjectives
• When a verb works like as verb, adjectives
or as an adverb is called participle. Eg: He
is playing cricket (v)
He is comming laughing( adverb)
Sleeping dog (adjective).
• Participle is verbal adjective
• • Like a verb it may govern as a pronoun
• Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.
• Noun noise governed as Participle.
 Continue....
• • May modified by adverb
• Loudly knocking at the door .
• He demand admission.
• Like adjective may qualify a noun or
pronoun
• A rolling stone gathers no more
• May b compared education iS most pressing
need of our time.
 kinds of participle
Present participle
• "ing" work as verb, adverb or adjective
• Usage: I. Main verb
Eg. He is working.
You will have been laughing.
• II. As an adjective
Eg .fishing boat , Handing dog
• III.As an adverb
She was comming smiling.
 Continue....
• The past participle
• 3rd form of verb .works as verb or as
adjective
• i. As a verb
• Eg.He has come
• He had gone
• ii. As an adjective
• Eg.The door is closed
• Broken glass
 Continue....
• The perfect participle
• (Having +III_v) at the begning.
• Shows that someone completed an action in
past and start another’s or on ready for
another action .
• Having gone to Karachi. I bought a
computer.
• Having won that match,
• they were laughing.
Infinitive phrase
 Infinitives
• An infinitive look like a verb but it begins
with “TO”, and it functions as a noun
(subject ,direct object ), adjective or adverb.
• Infinitive as noun
• No one wants to stay .
• To stay …. Infinitive as the direct object.
• To leave the party would be rude.
• To leave …infinitive as the subject.
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 INFINITIVE PHRASE
• An infinitive phrase will begin with an
infinitive{ to + simple form of verb}. It will
often include objects and/ or modifiers that
complete the thought.
• www.chompchomp.com
• 1997-2014 by robin L. Simmons
 Examples;
• Infinitives+ object(s) and/or modifier(s)
• To slurp spaghetti.
• To leave the party would be rude.
• To send the document before deadline.
• To avoid another lecture from michelle on
the benefits of vegetarianism was Aaron’s
hope of their date at a nice restaurant.
(function as a noun because it is subject of
the sentence.
 .
• The worst thing to happen during the
severe thunderstorm was a lightning strike
that fried clara’s computer.
• To happen during the severe thunderstorm
functions as adjectives because it modifies
thing.
• Rayan decided to mow the long grass on the
front lawn to keep his neighbors from
complaining to the homeowners
association.To keep his neighbors from
complaining to homeowners association
 .

Absolute phrase
 Absolute phrase
• An absolute phrase combines a noun and a
participle with any accompanying modifires
or objects. The pattern look like this;
• NOUN+ PARTICIPLE+ OPTIONAL MODIFIERS
AND/ OR OBJECTS.
• Legs quivering.
• Legs= noun , quivering= participle.
• Her arms folded accros her chest.
• Arms=noun, folded=participle, her,accros
her chest =modifiers
• Their fingers scraping the leftover frosting
off the plates.
• Absolute phrase as like this;
• Legs quivering, out old dog gizmo dreamed
of chasing squirrels.
(manner of his sleep.)
 Examples
• Her arms folded accros her chest, professor
Hill warned the class about the penalties of
plagiarism. (severity of his warning.)
 Examples
• The family devoured Anut Lenora’s carrot
cake, their fingers scraping the leftover
frosting from the plates. (degree of their
hunger.)
 Refeences
1. Syntax of Dutch (noun and noun phrase)
Volum 1
(Hans Broekhuis
Elvelien keizer)
2. A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF
NOUN PHRASE IN ENGLISH AND
VIETNAMESE.
Analysis of Noun Phrase in English and
Vietnamese.pdf
 References
• 3.Study of Noun Phrase in Urdu
• Aasim Ali ,Mohammad Kamran,Shahid
Siddiq
• National University of Computer &
Emerging Sciences - Lahore, Pakistan
• Sarmad Hussain

• Al-Khwarzmi Institute of Computer Science,

 Refrences
• 4.
• Oxford Guide to English Grammar
• By:John Eastwood
• www.grammer bytes/chompchomp.com
2018
 .

Thank you

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.