Focus Area Plastic Recycling 2009

HARDOX in plastic recycling
Types of plastic
Plastic is not abrasive it is the

contamination in the plastic waste that is abrasive
Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 2
This document is the property of SSAB Oxelösund and must not be reproduced, disclosed to any third party or used in any
unauthorized manner without the written consent. HARDOX is a registered trademark of SSAB Oxelösund AB.
The plastic recycling process
Plastic
Final product
Plastic waste
Landfill collecting
recoverin
g Bailing
Energy Recycling Feedstock

recoverin recoverin
g g
Preshredding
Prewashing
Granulation
Export
Washing
Applications
Applications - Perforator
Recommended material:
HARDOX 450 in the roll
The perforator punctures the containers and
allows air to escape when compressed in the baler HARDOX 450 inlet
or compressor. Perforators usually puncture and
HARDOX 600 or HARDOX 550
flatten plastic bottles by using a drum rotor
in the teeth
equipped with small teeth.
HARDOX 500 in the teeth (up to
12 mm) no preheating
Applications - Perforator
The teeth are either made of smaller pieces

that are welded to place or they are made of Recommended cutting:
circular bigger piece.
1. Abrasive water jet
2. Laser
3. Plasma under water
Due to small parts and important
with high hardness at the edge
Applications - Baler Recommended material:

HARDOX 450 in the housing
Balers are produced with a variety of design HARDOX 500 in the dispatch edge
but the main function remains the same and
HARDOX 500 in shearing beam
that is to compress the material with the
purpose to facilitate the material handling. HARDOX 600 in shearing knife
Balers exist in both stationary and mobile
models. The most of the balers used in the
plastic recycling industries are multipurpose
balers capable of handling different kinds of
material.
Applications - Grabber
One of the most common ways to move plastic waste and

load the shredders is with a grabber. The wear on grabber
that is used to move plastic waste is mild. Most wear
occur on the tip on each leg when the grabber slides
against the ground.
Recommended material:
HARDOX HiTUF
WELDOX 700
HARDOX 500 in the Cutting Edge
Applications - Shredder
Different types:
High torque multipurpose shredder
High speed shredder with teeth
High speed shredder with knives
Applications - Shredder Knife Design
Simple design better

for HARDOX
Applications - Shredder Shredder Design
Applications - Shredder Anvil Design

The anvil acts as the counterpart to the knife. The fact that Recommended HARDOX grade:
the anvil is static means the problem with chipping of the HARDOX 550 or HARDOX 600
anvil edge is nearly none existing. But the wear is still
severe due to the tight tolerances between the knife and the
anvil. Plastic waste and hard particles in the waste wear on
the anvil with high pressure, causing rapid wear.
Applications - Shredder Screens

Recommended HARDOX
The screen in a plastic shredder and the size of the holes grade:
in the screen influences the size of the plastic flakes. Thus HARDOX 400, 450 & 500
is screens an important part of a shredder. The size of the Depending on available
holes influence the wear on the knife. Smaller holes force bending capacity and the
the waste to be cut more times before the processed waste
wear situation.
is small enough to leave trough the screen.
Important with good qualities of
the cut edges. Otherwise
cracks can appear during
bending.
Applications - Shredder Cutting chamber

Recommended HARDOX grade:
HARDOX 450
The shredder and especially the rotor house should have a
design that makes it possible for air to flow through the
shredder and rotor house. Compact and closed rotor house,
accordingly is bad from a HARDOX point of view. Problems
associated with generated heat:
•Tempering effect on HARDOX plates

•Melting of the waste product (this problem is rather unusual)
Case study
Case study - test
Tool steel with 10.6 % chromium content

Average hardness: 675 HV
Impact toughness: 4 J at -40
Problem when hard objects enter the shredder - chipping
HARDOX 550
Typical hardness: 550 HB
Impact toughness: 30 J at -40
HARDOX 600
Typical hardness: 600 HB
Impact toughness: 20 J at -40 Regrinding after 48 h
HARDOX Extreme
Typical hardness: 650 to 700 HB
Impact toughness: <15 J at -40
Case study - test
HARDOX Extreme was superior to original material.

Same wear rate and no chipping
Toolsteel HARDOX Extreme

Conclusions – shredding knives
Pros when using HARDOX Extreme and HARDOX 600 in shredding knives
No heat treatment is needed Fewer manufacturing steps

High hardness through the plate Can be regrind more times
Excellent toughness Less chipping
HARDOX is the better choice
HARDOX or not in shredding knives
Chance of success
Low Medium Good

Knife design Needs tapping Needs drilling/machining Only cutting
Knife design Complicated design Simple design
Knife design Small tolerances Big tolerances
Cutting Gas cutting Gas cutting under water Abrasive water jet
The waste Clean plastic waste Dirty plastic waste
Type of plastic Hard plastic Soft plastic
shredder Closed cutting chamber Open cutting chamber Water cooled
Why HARDOX in plastic recycling
High Hardness Long life time

Excellent toughness Less sensitive to impurities, less failures
Excellent Work Shop properties Simplified manufacturing
Even properties Easier to plan maintenance stops
Lower overall cost

Focus Area Plastic Recycling 2009

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HARDOX in plastic recycling

HARDOX in plastic recycling

Plastic is not abrasive it is the

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 2

The plastic recycling process

Energy Recycling Feedstock

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 3

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 4

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 5

The teeth are either made of smaller pieces

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 6

Applications - Baler Recommended material:

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 7

One of the most common ways to move plastic waste and

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 8

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 9

Applications - Shredder Knife Design

Simple design better

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 10

Applications - Shredder Shredder Design

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 11

Applications - Shredder Anvil Design

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 12

Applications - Shredder Screens

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 13

Applications - Shredder Cutting chamber

•Tempering effect on HARDOX plates

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 14

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 15

Case study - test

Tool steel with 10.6 % chromium content

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 16

Case study - test

HARDOX Extreme was superior to original material.

Toolsteel HARDOX Extreme

Conclusions – shredding knives

No heat treatment is needed Fewer manufacturing steps

HARDOX is the better choice

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 18

HARDOX or not in shredding knives

Low Medium Good

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 19

Why HARDOX in plastic recycling

High Hardness Long life time

Lower overall cost

Editor: Jonas Högström. Date: 14/05/20. Version: uk 01. Page 20

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