Welcome to the T&D Course !

Dr. Sandhya Iya

Human Resource Management
Includes all activities used to attract & retain
employees and to ensure they perform at a
high level in meeting organizational goals.

1. Recruitment & selection.

2. Training and development.
3. Performance appraisal and feedback.
4. Pay and benefits.
5. Labor relations.
 Human Resource Development
• Enhancing human capabilities by
allowing learning experiences
• Systematic/planned way to help
employees :
– Acquire/sharpen capabilities required of
present/future role
– Optimise potential for self/organisation
development purposes
– Develop culture of strong team work,
motivation, & pride
 Basic Terms and Definitions
• Information : unit of awareness about
something
• Knowledge : organised information –
perspective, context, scope
• Skills : apply knowledge effectively &
efficiently to get a job done – inferred from
behaviour
• Task : series of activities needed to produce a
specified result – a unit of work. Many tasks
combined make a function
 Basic Terms and Definitions
• Job : collection of tasks & responsibilities
for which employee is responsible. Jobs
have titles.
• Role : set of responsibilities/expected results
associated with a job. A job typically has
several roles.
• Learning : a relatively permanent change in
behaviour due to past experience; enhancing
one’s knowledge, understanding, or skills. A
continuous process
 Basic Terms and Definitions

• Education : an activity aimed at

enhancing knowledge (primarily)

• Training : any activity aimed at

helping acquire new skills for
enhanced performance
 Basic Terms and Definitions
• Development : includes learning,
experiencing, practicing the KSA,
thereby improving overall personality;
the strategic investment, by an
organisation, in the training of its
members.
• Competencies : a broad grouping of
KSA that enable success at a number
of similar tasks
 T&D : Distinct but Related Aspects of
Learning
• Training : • Development :
– A set of activities – Desired outcome of
those activities
– Acquiring/sharpening
KSA – Explore potential
through awareness,
– Short term/narrow practice, modification
focus of skill
acquisition – Long term/broader
perspective
– Led by instructor
– Led by
organisation/self
 Typical Reasons for Employee
Training and Development
• Need for performance improvement
seen in appraisal
• Mark progress in performance
improvement initiative
• Part of overall professional
development program
• Part of succession planning effort
 Importance of T&D
• Optimum Utilization of Human Resources
• Development of Human Resources
• Development of skills of employees
• Productivity
• Team spirit
• Organization Culture
• Organization Climate
 Importance of T&D
• Quality
• Healthy work environment
• Health and Safety
• Morale
• Image
• Profitability
• Organizational development
 Benefits from Employee Training
and Development

• Increased process efficiencies, resulting

in financial gain
• Increased capacity to adopt new
technologies and methods
• Increased innovation in strategies and
products
• Increased employee motivation
• Increased job satisfaction and morale
 General Open Systems Model

OPEN SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Systems External Environment

Training as a Subsystem within the
Organizational System

TRAINING’S ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Mission Strategy Structure Policies Procedures
Finances Resources People Products Technology

TRAINING SUBSYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Organizational Needs Analysis Knowledge
Employee Needs Design Skills
Budget Development Attitudes
Equipment Implementation Motivation
Staff Evaluation Job Performance
 Training Processes Model

Needs Analysis Phase

Input Process Output

Design Phase
Input Process Output

Development Phase
Triggering Input Process Output
Event

Implementation Phase
Process
Input Process Output
Evaluation Data
Outcome
Evaluation Evaluation Phase
Data Input Process Output
 Classification of Learning Outcome

Skill-Based Learning
Compilation
Automaticity

Learning

Cognitive Knowledge Attitudinal Learning

Declarative Knowledge Affect/Feelings
Procedural Knowledge
Strategic Knowledge