LANGUAGE AND

POLITIES
 The language of polities
• Polities is concerned with power:
the power to make decision, to
control resources, to control other
peoples behavior and to control
their values
 LANGUAGE AS THOUGHT
PROCESS
Why do politician choose their
words carefully
• They believe implicitly in
linguistics relatively. They believe
in power of language to influence
thought
 THE LANGUAGE OF POLITIES
• Presupposition
• Implicature
• Metaphor
• Euphemism
• The rule of three
• Dexies
• Political correctness
 PRESUPPOSITION
• The meaning of the word “presuppose” is to assume
beforehand, involve , imply, respect some of the most
powerful of language patterns. They are in common,
everyday use by all of us and are built into the structure of
the English language.

• Presupposition may be fair and uncontrovaersal based

upon knowledge which is common to all parties to a
communication or unfair counterfeit controversial made
upon the basis of convert knowledge by a communicator
with hidden agenda
 IMPLICATURE

• Implicature is a technical term in the

pragmatics subfield of linguistics,coined by
h.p Grice, which refers to what is
suggested in utterance,even though neither
expressed not strictly implied the uterance
 METAPHOR

• Combine a metaphor with another

figure of style
• Make the audience aware of metaphor
• Expand novel mappings
 EUPHEMISM

• A euphemism is the substitution of a

mild, inoffensive, relatively
uncontroversial phrase for another
more frank expression that might
offend or otherwise suggest something
unpliant to the audience
 RULE OF THREE
• The rule of three is powerful speechwriting
technique that you should learn practice and master.

• Speechwriting is of course part of every culture.

• Example of rule of three can be found in some of the
most famous speeches ever delivered
 PARALLELISM

• It is when elements of a sentence Have

the same weight and are often the
same part of speech. Parallelism is all
about equality, parallelism creats a
nice rhythm in your sentence
 BUSHISMS

• Bushisms are unconventional words,

phrases pronunciation malapropisms and
sematic or linguistic error that have
occurred in the public speaking of former
president of the united state
 DEIXIS

• In
linguistics, deixix refers to the
phenomenon wherein understanding
the meaning of certain words and
phrases in the utterance requires
contextual information.
 POLITICAL CORRECTNESS

• Is a trend that wants to make

everything fair, equal and just to all by
suppressing thought, speech and
practice in order to achieve that goal
• Polities is not just institution
Polities happens on the street