PHARMACOLOGY

(DNPC 4122)

TOPIC : TYPE OF MEDICATION ROUTE

PRESENTED BY:
3042191092
3042191093
 Definition : Routes of drug
administration
– A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology
is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other
substance is taken into the body. 

– Routes of administration are generally classified by the

location at which the substance is applied. 
 1. Oral
ENTERAL 2. Buccal and sublingual
3. Rectal

ROUTES OF 1. Subcutaneous (under the skin)

2. Intramuscular (in a muscle)
DRUG PARENTERAL
3. Intravenous (in a vein)
4. Intrathecal (around the spinal cord)
ADMINISTRATION
1. Cutaneous & Transdermal (skin)
2. Intranasal & Inhalation
TOPICAL
3. Vaginal
4. Ocular (eye)
ENTERAL
ROUTE
 1. ORAL ROUTE

DEFINITION: EXAMPLE:
A route of administration  1. Amoldipine
where a substance is taken 2. Metformin
through the mouth.
Reference:
https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-
guide/administration-methods/orally/
Buccal : between gums and cheek.
Example : Nicotine, nitroglycerine

Sublingual : under tongue.

Example : Warfarine, loratadine.
2. BUCCAL
AND
Both can dissolve and absorbed directly
into small blood vessels.
SUBLINGUAL
ROUTE
Not swallowed.

Reference:
https://www.healthline.com/health/sublingual-and-buccal-
medication-administration#disadvantages
 3. RECTAL ROUTE
DEFINITION
- uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication.
- which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels.

INDICATION
1. people who cannot take a drug orally 
2. cannot swallow
3. have restrictions on eating

EXAMPLES
Reference: 1. Acetaminophen (fever)
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- 2.Diazepam (seizures)
administration
PARENTERAL
ROUTE
 1. SUBCUTANEOUS
ROUTE
DEFINITION:
A needle is inserted into fatty
tissue just beneath the skin

EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:
1. Insulin
2. Adrenaline
Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
administration
 2. INTRAMUSCULAR
ROUTE

DEFINITION: EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:

An intramuscular injection (IM) is a 1. Diamorphine
shot where needles goes into the
muscle layer under the skin 2. Hydroxocolbamin

Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
administration
 3. INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

DEFINITION:
EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:
A needle is
inserted 1. Doxorubicin
directly into a 2. Vancomycin
vein

Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
administration
 INTRATHECAL
ROUTE

DEFINITION: EXAMPLE OF DRUGS:

A needle is inserted 1. Meninges
between two vertebrae 2. Morphine
in the lower spine and
Reference: into the space around
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- the spinal cord.
administration
LOCAL ROUTE
Definition
Administered
vaginally to
1. INTRAVAGINAL
women.

Drug is
How it slowly
happened? absorbed
through the
vaginal wall.

Type 1.solution
of 2.tablet
drugs: 3.cream/gel Reference:
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinic
al-archive/medicine-
management/the-administration-
of-medicines-19-11-2007/
 2. OCULAR ROUTE

Drugs used to treat Applied

eye disorders direct to the
(eg: glaucoma) eye.

Example of drugs to
treat glaucoma :
Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
acetazolamide and be
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug- taxolol.
administration

Reference:
https://www.definitions.net/defini
tion/administration%2C+cutaneous
3. CUTANEOUS
ROUTE
Applied to the skin.
Used to treat superficial skin
disorders.
Type of drugs may be an ointment,
cream, lotion, solution, powder or
gel.
(DRUG MIXED WITH UNACTIVE SUBSTANCES)
Delivered body wide through a
patch on the skin.

Drugs are sometimes mixed 4.

with a chemical. TRANSDERMAL
ROUTE
Drug can be delivered slowly and
continuously for many hours or days or
(PATCHES)
even longer.

Examples of such drugs:

Nitroglycerin (for chest
pain), scopolamine (for motion sickness)
Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
administration
 Drug is to be breathed in and absorbed
through the thin mucous membrane
that lines the nasal passages. 5. Intranasal

Example of drugs:
1. nicotine (for smoking cessation)
2. calcitonin (for osteoporosis)

Reference:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/ad
ministration-and-kinetics-of-drugs/drug-
administration
6. INHALATION
The breathing of air vapor or volatile drugs into the
lungs.
Drug pass through the windpipe (trachea) and into the
lungs.

Example of drugs:
1. Ether.
2. Halothane. Reference:
https://www.slideshare.net/HmdlGhthy/7-
routes-of-drug-administration
Define Define the new terms used in this unit.

LEARNING
OUTCOMES
List List routes of drug administration.

Named Name or list several drugs from each route.

REFERENCES
1. https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-guide/administration-methods/o
rally/
2. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/drugs/administration-and-kinetics-of-dr
ugs/drug-administration
3. https://www.slideshare.net/HmdlGhthy/7-routes-of-drug-administration
4. https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/medicine-management/the-ad
ministration-of-medicines-19-11-2007/
5. https://deserthopetreatment.com/addiction-guide/administration-methods/o
rally/
THANK YOU !