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  • Enzyme Activity: Factors That Affect

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    Ver Garcera Talosig
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    Enzyme activity can be affected by four main factors: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. The rate of reaction generally increases with temperature until the optimum temperature is reached, above which the enzyme denatures. Enzymes also have an optimum pH range and will denature outside of this range. As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until the enzyme reaches its maximum catalytic rate. Finally, increasing enzyme concentration leads to a higher reaction rate. Certain drugs like ACE inhibitors and penicillins can inhibit enzyme activity. Grapefruit juice also contains compounds that inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme, affecting how some drugs are metabolized.

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    Enzyme

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    FACTORS-AFFECTING-ENZYME-ACTIVITY

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    Enzyme activity can be affected by four main factors: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. The rate of reaction generally increases with temperature until the optimum temperature is reached, above which the enzyme denatures. Enzymes also have an optimum pH range and will denature outside of this range. As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until the enzyme reaches its maximum catalytic rate. Finally, increasing enzyme concentration leads to a higher reaction rate. Certain drugs like ACE inhibitors and penicillins can inhibit enzyme activity. Grapefruit juice also contains compounds that inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme, affecting how some drugs are metabolized.

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    58 views11 pages

    Enzyme Activity: Factors That Affect

    Uploaded by

    Ver Garcera Talosig
    Enzyme activity can be affected by four main factors: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. The rate of reaction generally increases with temperature until the optimum temperature is reached, above which the enzyme denatures. Enzymes also have an optimum pH range and will denature outside of this range. As substrate concentration increases, the reaction rate increases until the enzyme reaches its maximum catalytic rate. Finally, increasing enzyme concentration leads to a higher reaction rate. Certain drugs like ACE inhibitors and penicillins can inhibit enzyme activity. Grapefruit juice also contains compounds that inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme, affecting how some drugs are metabolized.

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    of 11

    FACTORS THAT AFFECT

    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    ENZYME ACTIVITY
    • Is a measure of the rate at which an enzyme
    converts substrate to products
    • Affected by four factors
    – Temperature
    – pH
    – Substrate Concentration
    – Enzyme Concentration
    Temperature
    • As the temperature of an enzymatically
    catalyzed reaction increases, so does the rate
    of reaction.
    • Optimum temperature
    – Temperature at which an enzyme exhibits
    maximum activity
    pH
    • Most enzymes exhibit maximum activity over a
    narrow pH range
    • Small changes in pH can result in enzymatic
    denaturation
    • Each enzyme has a characteristic optimum pH
    – Pepsin (2)
    – Trypsin (8)
    • Optimum pH
    – pH at which an enzyme exhibits maximum activity
    Substrate Concentration
    • As substrate concentration increases, the
    point is eventually reached where enzyme
    capabilities are used to their maximum extent.
    Enzyme Concentration
    • The greater the enzyme concentration , the
    greater the reaction rate.
    Prescription Drugs that Inhibit Enzyme
    Activity
    • ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
    inhibitors
    • Sulfa drugs/Sulfanilamides
    – Sulfanilamide
    – Sulfacetamide
    – Sulfixosazole
    – Sulfadiazine
    – Sulfadimethoxine
    Prescription Drugs that Inhibit Enzyme
    Activity
    • Penicillins
    – Discovered by Alexander Fleming
    – Isolated by Howard Flory and Ernst Chain
    – Inhibits transpeptidase (catalyzes to formation of
    peptide cross links between polysaccharide
    strands in bacterial cell walls
    Chemical Connections
    • The Grapefruit Effect
    – Grapefruit and grapefruit juice contains
    compounds by interacting (inhibiting) cytochrome
    P450.
    Drug Name Type of Drug
    Amiodarone Used to treat and prevent
    abnormal heart rhythms
    Buspirone, Sertraline Antidepressants
    Carbamazepine Anti-seizure medication
    Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus Immunosuppresant drugs
    Felodipine, Nifedipine Used to treat HTN
    Saquinavir An HIV medication
    Simvastatin, Atorvastatin Used to treat high cholesterol

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