Land Access

Indira Kranthi Patham, SERP

Department of RD, Govt of AP
Why Land work in a poverty reduction program?
• Land issues place huge economic and
psychological burden on the poor
• 60% of them hold land most of which is having
some land issue
• Dalits and Tribals, most vulnerable in terms of land
ownership, unable to access existing revenue
system
• Secured land title and secured possession become
very important for the rural poor to tap different
sources of investment to increase the productivity
and thereby incomes
• CBO network of IKP provides level playing field to
make them as competent as others in fighting for
their land issues resolution
Land Access
 Govt. Lands assigned to SCs & STs

  Total Extent SC Ext ST Ext SC/ST Total Ext

2002 2398053 4321376.37 571127 979315.9 667869 1183274 1238996 2162589.9

112290
1st Phase 155217.47 36182 50000 25360 35000 61542 85000

2nd phase 128943 170423.04 39100 51126 29572 39197 68672 90323

3rd Phase 37459 73287.09 10767 22998.5 8979 20838.64 19746 43837.14

4th Phase 55882 82759.03 12731 17208.81 10008 16812.43 22739 34021.24

5th Phase 57673 85382.98 13007 16463.28 10820 19638.03 23827 36101.31

  2790300
Land1137113
4888445.98 682914
Access752608 1314760 1435522 2451872.59
 Govt. Land assigned to STs

Extent (in Ext (in

  Total acres) ST acres)

2002 2398053 4321376.37 667869 1183274

112290
1st Phase 155217.47 25360 35000

2nd phase 128943 170423.04 29572 39197

3rd Phase 37459 73287.09 8979 20838.64

4th Phase 55882 82759.03 10008 16812.43

5th Phase 57673 85382.98 10820 19638.03

48,88,445.9
  Land Access
27,90,300 8 7,52,608 13,14,760
 Land Programs of IKP

Program Strategy

Land Purchase Facilitate landless poor

to become owners of
productive lands

Land Access Secure land rights to the

poor through a multi
pronged approach by
putting in place support
mechanism

Land Access
 Programs at a Glance

Program Period Status

Land Purchase 2004-09 5303 land less
women became
land owners

Land Access 2007-10 Land issues of

Phase I 4.30 lakh poor
got resolved

Land Access 2010-12 Land Issues of 15

Phase II lakh SC/STs
identified afresh
Land Access
 How we started?

• Deputy Collectors from Revenue

Department were taken as APDs in IKP to
assist the Village Organizations in
implementing Land Purchase program
• Govt. issued a Government Order for
convergence between IKP and Revenue
Department for resolution of land issues
• Initially started with Land Purchase activity

7
 Land Purchase

Objective

• Facilitate landless poor to become

owners of productive lands

8
 Land Purchase
• VOs and interested landless poor identified
lands, negotiated with land-owners
• District Purchase Committee under Joint
Collector helped them in finalization of land
prices and registration of lands
• Only those irrigated lands which yielded
immediate incomes were purchased
• Lands registered in the name of women
• 5303 landless SHG women purchased
4539.24 acres investing 29.37 crore
(Rs.66425/member)
• 90% are SC/STs (53% SCs and 37% STs)
9
Land Purchase (2004-09)

Land Exp.
Year Beneficiaries
(in acres) (in lakhs)
SC ST BC Others Total
2004- 43 4 724
639.11 219.13 163 514
05
2005- 17 101 2248
1924.59 1181.31 1129 845
06 3
2006- 15 22 1479
1335.12 947.37 803 501
07 3
2007- 506.40 441.08 567 87 17 5 676
08
2008- 134.02 148.36 137 32 7 0 176
09
Total 4539.24 2937.45 2799 1979 39 132 5303
3

10
Land Purchase (2004-09)

Total Investment from 29.37 crore

CIF
Landless women 5303
benefited
No. of acres purchased 4539.24

PoP Coverage 90%

53% SCs
37% STs
No. of villages 190
No. of mandals 128

11
Land Purchase (2004-09)

Total Investment per family Rs. 55,420

Net Incomes earned in last 4 Rs.60,000
years per family

Cumulative investments Rs.29.37 crore

Cumulative incomes Rs.31.80 crore

Add on: Increased asset value 3-4 times

12
 Land Access

Objective
• Enabling CBOs to secure enhanced access to
land in terms of secured land title and
possession
• Establishing support systems for resolving
and disposing of the land disputes of the poor
• Linking lands of the poor with programs of
development and facilitate land leasing
• Creation of awareness about land rights in
community through land facilitators

13
 Land Access

Strategy
• Convergence with Dept of Revenue
and Survey
• Partnership with Civil Society
Organizations for capacity building
• Partnership with Law Colleges for
using services of law students in tribal
areas
• Creation of awareness about land
rights in community through land
facilitators 14
 Land Access- Initial Phase

• The idea of land facilitators for CBOs piloted

in Kadapa district and tribal areas
• Community Land Facilitators were positioned
in Mandal Samakhyas and were trained on
land matters
• Land issues pending in the courts of
Tahsildars/ Revenue Divisional Officers were
listed out, physical verification made and
reports submitted to Revenue officers
• Tahsildars and RDOs conducted village courts
and settled disputes

15
 Land Access- Initial Phase
• Pilots established need for having exclusive
land facilitators to support the poor
• Program scaled up in 2006-07 to 367 mandals
in the State
• Graduate youth from community, were
selected by Mandal Samakhyas as Paralegals
• Technically qualified youth were screened and
selected by Zilla Samakhyas as Community
Surveyors
• Retired revenue officers positioned as Land
Managers for better liaisoning

16
 Structure in DRDAs

Graduates
Retired
Land Paraleg trained in
Revenue
Officer Manager als land laws

District
Zilla Land Mandal
Samakhya Samakhya
Center

Technically
Fresh
Communit qualified
Law Legal youth traine
Graduate y
Coordinato Surveyors
in survey
r
 Status

District Land Centers 22

Legal Coordinators 29
Land Managers 19
Paralegals 379
Community Surveyors 473
 Status in tribal areas

Sl. ITDA Legal Land Mandal

Coordinators Managers anchors

1 Seethampet 1 0 9
2 Parvathipuram 1 1 8
3 Paderu 1 0 18
4 RC Varam 1 0 11
5 Utnoor 1 0 33
6 Eturunagaram 1 1 5
7 Bhadrachalam 1 0 16
7 2 100
 Trainings of Land facilitators
Legal Coordinators and Land Managers trained by
NALSAR and APARD

Paralegals recruited and trained

• 3 phases of training in the district, at AMR-APARD
and NALSAR University of Law
• NALSAR conducted Paralegal Certification Course
Community Surveyors trained and positioned
• 2 months training in AP Survey Training Academy
• 12 months apprenticeship with departmental
mandal surveyors
• Department of Survey issued licenses to 415
Community Surveyors free of cost
Bhoomi Chaitanya Deepikalu- handbooks on land issues

Bhoomi Bhoomi
Chaithany Chaithanya
a Deepika- Deepika-5:
Record of
1: Rights

Assignmen
t in
Andhra
Bhoomi
Area Bhoomi Bhoomi
Chaithanya Chaithanya Chaithanya
Deepika-2: Deepika-8: Deepika-6:
Assignment Survey Inam Lands
in Telangana Process (Telangana
Area Area)

Bhoomi
Bhoomi
Chaithanya
Chaithanya
Deepika-4:
Deepika-7:
Ceiling
Sada Bainamas
Surplus
Lands
 Land Access- Status

Extent
No. of Poor
(in acres)
Issues
6,16,322 11,85,552
identified

Issues got
4,30,255 8,75,502
resolved

%Resolved 69.8% 73.8%

64% are SCs and STs

22
 Land Access- Status
Issues resolved
Category Extent (in Extent (in Extent (in
No. SCs STs
acres) acres) acres)
2 14 15 6 7 8 9
Assignment 132119 187325 64576 83795 22273 36668
Ceiling 5291 6483 3264 3621 660 1112
Surplus Lands
Patta Lands 31769 49626 13047 18024 1981 3354
Inam Lands 2339 2385 1674 1540 33 44
Sada 2894 4770 1000 1273 342 854
Bainamas
Forest Rights 52526 488492 442 617 52030 487826
Record of 48495 77577 19294 26588 9705 23231
Rights
Housesites 112037 3425 45660 1495 8841 369
Tribal Lands 1037 1948 312 14 616 1930
Survey
Specific 27557 32235 10468 9498 3648 6498
Court Cases 92 338 57 104 12 130
Others 14099 20877 5504 8158 1716 1546
  430255 875481 165298 154727 101857 563560
23
Land Access – No. of poor Identified with land issues

Others
9%

Survey Specific Assign ment

36%
5%
Patta Lands
8%

Forest Rights
11% House sites
19%

Record of
Rights
12%
 RoFR Progress

Issues Resolved Till May - 2010

Identified
Issues
Total Balance

Extent Extent Extent

Number (in Number (in Number (in
acres) acres) acres)

6,49,23 5,14,60 1,34,64

95,775 58,774 37,026
0 9 7

5/17/20 25
Land Access – Per member cost

2901 Per member cost of issue

identification
Per member cost of issue
resolving

799 727 560

415 314 423 410 421
278 284
294
2005-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
 Land Access- Second Phase:
Sharper focus on Dalits’ and Tribals’ lands

• Comprehensive physical verification and

listing of all lands of SCs/STs is undertaken
in partnership with MGNREGA
 to map the lands of the SCs/STs and to
facilitate them to have secured title and
possession
 to facilitate the land development under
MGNREGS and other programmes

27
Land Inventory Process

All SC/ST households in the village are

listed out
Door to door survey conducted for
obtaining information about their
landholdings
Important records (Pahani/ Adangal/ RoR
1B/ Village Maps) are obtained from
Tahsildar’s office
Landowning SC/ST households are marked
in Pahani/Adangal
Physical verification of lands is done to
see who is in actual enjoyment of the
lands
The data is discussed in the meeting of
Village Organization
 Inventory Data

No. of Districts 22
No. of Mandals 956
No. of Revenue Villages 22,833
Total SC/ST Households
30,70,700
mapped

29
 Inventory Findings

Landownership
• Out of 30.7 lakh SC/STs, 17,93 lakh hold 40.4
lakh acres of land
• Average landholding is 2.3 acres

Landlessness
• 12.77 lakh SC/STs are landless (42%)
• 5.1 lakh SC/STs are near-landless, holding less
than one acre of dry land

Women and Land

• 2.25 lakh SC/ST women are title holders out of
14.17 lakh Pattadars (computerized)
30
Inventory Data: Land Development

18.39 lakh works on 30.14 lakh acres are

identified with investment of Rs. 8,871 crore
Works completed on 53,959 acres with
expenditure of Rs. 661 crore
Irrigation facilities to 10 lakh acres under
Indira Jala Prabha

31
Inventory Data: Land Issues

24 Lakh issues of 14 lakh SC/STs involving

23.69 lakh acres identified afresh

average number of issues average number of issues

per village per mandal
Issues Petitioners Extent Issues Petitioners Extent
107 63 113 2510 1464 2478

32
Land Issues- Records not matching

Pattadar's Name Pahani/ Adangal

Survey Number RoR 1 B

Differently recorded
Extent in different records Pattadar Pass Book

Khata Number Physical enjoyment

 More than 70% issues pertain to implementation

in revenue records, succession, mutation etc.
 Resolving the simple Revenue Record issues can
be done with minimal effort and disturbance
 Land Inventory in ITDAs
Total Total
Mandal Total persons Total Land Total
TPMU s RVs involved issues extent
Bhadrachalam 17 307 41830 59,982 82429.34
Eturunagaram 3 54 3990 12,042 14531.04
KR Puram 3 91 7469 9602 15350.94
Paderu 11 844 32799 65,198 79688.03
Parvathipuram 8 474 13982 24,180 36502.46
Rampachodavara
7 419 27774 49,674 71503.78
m
Seethampeta 6 264 30547 52,505 28419.97
Utnoor 20 449 31965 41,290 108955.83
Total 75 2,902 1,90,356 3,14,473 4,37,381
 Land Inventory in ITDAs
Total %
Manda TOTAL Land Average
TPMU l HH Total ST less Landholding
Bhadrachalam 17 82027 65171 17% 2.55
Eturnagaram 3 14000 9059 8% 1.84
KR Puram 3 16428 12459 32% 2.32
Paderu 11 99092 98455 14% 2.23
Parvatipuram 8 46974 35914 28% 1.62

RC varam 6 36958 35740 17% 2.01

Seethampeta 7 34216 22852 14% 1.32
Utnoor 20 67856 47941 14% 3.23
39755
Total 75 1 327591 17% 2.21
 Land ownership pattern
ST
TOTAL %
(Overall)
971947
Total households 3182240 100.0%
(31%)
Total Households having no land 1260887 39.6% 26.9%
Households with Land Having less than 1
615928 19.4% 16.1%
acre
Households with Land holding of 1 to 2.5
511471 16.1% 17.1%
Acres
Households with Land holding of 2.5 to 5
175240 5.5% 7.9%
Acres
Households with Land more than 5 Acres 39368 1.2% 2.3%
 Land ownership pattern
ST
TOTAL %
(Overall)
971947
Total households 3182240 100.0%
(31%)
Total Households having no land 1260887 39.6% 26.9%
Households with Land Having less than 1
615928 19.4% 16.1%
acre
Households with Land holding of 1 to 2.5
511471 16.1% 17.1%
Acres
Households with Land holding of 2.5 to 5
175240 5.5% 7.9%
Acres
Households with Land more than 5 Acres 39368 1.2% 2.3%
 Land owned by STs
Other lands
2% Forest Lands
Govt Lands 5%
2%

Assigned Lands
20%

Patta Lands
71%

 ID 
1%
 WET 
8%
 DRY 
91%
 Follow up of Issues

• Issues culled out from Inventory

• Required material/evidence etc. is
collected by Paralegals
• Field enquiry is done to get the facts of
the case
• Community Surveyors attend to survey
wherever required
• Representation submitted to revenue
officers by IKP staff and CBOs
• Issues followed up till resolution
 LTR Cases

Number Extent
Total Land Alienation 72,354 3, 23,887
Cases booked acres

Cases decided 70,676 3,16,942 acres

Cases decided against 33,484 1,63,598
tribals acres

 As per field feedback, these do not reflect the actual

land alienations happening in Scheduled Areas
 51.6% of land has gone to the non-tribals
 Proposed Initiatives in tribal areas

• Tribal CRP Strategy for creating awareness

– CRPs will train the tribal community in the
villages in land matters
– VOs will maintain land ownership and
transfer register
– VOs will maintain land issues follow up
register
• Facilitation of filing of LTR cases
– Scrutiny of cases gone against the tribals
by law students and filing appeals in POs’
courts
– Law Students to work on the LTR cases
• Land Records to be made public
 “I got Justice after 37 years of
struggle…”
• Kumra Mankubai, a tribal woman from
Adilabad district gets back her land from non-
tribal
• Her father Todsam Gangu owned 18 acres of
land and mortgaged it to a non-tribal money-
lender for a small loan in 1969 for 3 years…
• The non-tribal refused to give the land back…
booked criminal cases against him…
• A long legal battle ensued
• Gangu got orders in his favor from LTR courts
and the Govt.…High Court quashed earlier
orders… He passed away… All hopes of
getting the land back lost…
• Mankubai became the President of Jainoor
Mandal Samakhya in 2003 and accessed IKP’s
land legal assistance
• Paralegals verified records, found that the
land was govt. land assigned to her father
• Pursued with PO, ITDA and Tahsildar. Tahsildar
passed ejectment order against non-tribal and
handed over the land back to her
• Mankubai has 4 brothers, who never dreamt of
getting the land back. They gave her major
share, she got 10 out of 18 acres
• She got back not only the land worth Rs.30
Lakh… but also her faith in the system…
 “We got Patta after 40 years…”

• Dinnaepadu Chinnammi, Chukka Nagamma

and 87 others, most of them SCs belonging to
Bestapally Harijanawada, Dinnaepadu village
in Kadapa district cultivated 166 acres of
Government Land since 40 years…
• Requested Revenue authorities for issuance of
pattas, pattas were not given
• Discussed in VO meeting, Land was surveyed
by the Community Surveyors
• The issue was pursued with Tahsildar. Records
were verified.
• Finally all 89 of them got pattas over 166
acres of land
Thank You