TE 4107

Chemicals used in washing and anatomy of

an industrial washing machine
Chemicals used in washing
 Caustic Soda (NaOH) 
• Type : Alkali
• Use : Strong cleaning power, neutralize acidic material, saponify glyceride,
and solubilize silicate.

 Soda Ash (Na2CO3)

 
• Type : Alkali
• Use : Mild cleaning agent.
 Anti-Stain
• Type : Anti back staining agent
• Use : Prevent back staining.
Chemicals used in washing
 Bleaching Powder- Ca(OCl)Cl 
 Type : Oxidizing agent
 Use : Used to discoloration of fabric
 Enzyme
 Type : Biological catalysts
 Use : Hydrolysis effect on garment fabric surface & dissolve the hairiness.

 Pumice Stone
 Type : Washing stone
 Use : It is used to get abrasion and achieve fading effect.
Chemicals used in washing
 Softener

 Type : Softener
 Use : Creates the fabric surface oily and soft.

 Silicone Softener

 Type : Softener
 Use : Soften fabric handle and make slippery.
 Sodium Hypochlorite (NaCIO)

 Type : Oxidizing agent

 Use : Uniform lightening of the color of the indigo or sulphur dyed garments in
bleach wash.
Chemicals used in washing

 Sodium Meta-bisulphite.
 Type : De-chlorination agent
 Use : Neutralize activity of chlorine, neutralize PP.

 Potassium Permanganate

 Type : Discoloration agent

 Use : Discoloration of fabric
Chemicals used in washing
 Hydrogen peroxide

 Type : Oxidizing agent

 Use : To destroy the coloring material
 Fixer

 Type : Fixing agent

 Use : To fix up the color
 Acetic Acid

 Type : Organic acid

 Use : To control PH

 Detergent
• Here detergent is used to remove impurities from the garments fabric surfaces and temperature helps
detergent to enhance its action. During coming these impurities, some color will be washed out from
the colored fabric garments. As a result fading affect will be developed
 Washing
machine

Normal atmospheric pressure rotary garments washing and

dyeing machine.
 ES
FEATUR
■ Made of stainless steel.
■ There are two big circular cylinders.
■ Outer cylinder is solid and inner cylinder is perforated.
■ Two sliding doors in the outer cylinder used to load and unload materials.
■ Two chemical dosing doors.
■ Outer cylinder fixed with the machine frame and the machine frame is firmly fixed
on the floor with heavy foundation to avoid any jerking during operation of the
machine.
■ Inner cylinder is placed within the outer cylinder and connected by shaft. The side
shafts are made of stainless steel and fixed with the machine frame through ball
bearing.
■ Machine pulley (fixed on the side shafts) rotated by motor pulley . As a result the
inner cylinder rotates freely inside the inner cylinder.
■ Inner cylinder is given rotation by motor pulley and belt drive from both sides.
■ The inner cylinder has two spring loaded doors. The doors of the inner and outer
cylinder are aligned to the same position by the use of an inching motion switch.
■ Auto reversal unit, an electric circuit used for dual directions to avoid roping.
 ES
FEATUR
■Inner cylinder about 4 feet diameter and 6 feet wide.
■Three bars at 120 degree apart about 6 inch height in the inner cylinder.
■3-4 inch gap between outer and inner cylinder. A solid steam pipe is situated into
this gap which heats up the liquor to achieve required washing temperature.
■Pre-set temperature of the dial and indicator automatically controls the liquor
temperature by controlling the steam supply on-off through the steam pipe.
■A glass tube is connected to the outer cylinder.
■From overhead water tank, pipe connection is given to the bottom of the outer
cylinder with gate valve arrangement. Outlet pipes are also fitted with gate
valve.
■There is a panel board above the machine to control some machine running
parameters.
■When the preset processing time of the dial reached, the machine automatically
stops rotation and alarms rings.
■Machines with 300 kg capacity are mostly used.
■Machine generally operates at 5-35 RPM.