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Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues
Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues
Abnormality, Therapy, and Social Issues
This was a very rare disorder until the 1950’s, when a few cases received
widespread publicity. It’s a disorder in which a person
___exhibits__________ two or more distinct and alternating
personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder.
• The biopsychosocial model
– The predominant view in Western culture today uses the
biopsychosocial model to understand mental
___illness___________.
Table 15.2 Some major categories of psychological disorders according to Axis II of DSM-IV.
• Psychoanalysis
– The psychodynamic therapies are based on the theories of
Sigmund Freud.
• Psychoanalysis is the oldest “talk” therapy. It attempts to
bring unconscious thoughts and emotions to awareness, and
help people understand their own thoughts and
__actions________.
Psychoanalysis uses free association and transference to
bring unconscious material to consciousness.
• This in turn produces catharsis, the release of pent-up
emotions associated with unconscious thoughts and
__consciousness___________.
• In free association, the client thinks about a symptom or
problem and then says everything that comes to mind related
to it. This process is supposed to uncover hidden thoughts
and __feelings_____________.
• Transference refers to the client’s experience of feelings
previously associated with a parent or other important figure
that are “transferred” to the therapist.
Figure 15.2:
• Psychoanalysis
– The psychodynamic therapies
• Psychoanalysts and other psychodynamic
therapists make active interpretations of the
client’s _statements_______________.
• If a client disagrees with the therapist’s
interpretations, they may label this as
resistance, a continued repression that
interferes with __therapy____________.
• Therapies that focus on thoughts and beliefs
– Some therapies focus on what current mental processes, not
past thoughts and feelings.
• Cognitive therapy improves functioning by changing
people’s thoughts and beliefs about situations.
• Rational-emotive therapy (RET) assumes that thoughts
precede emotions, and that unpleasant feelings result from
irrational _thoughts_______________.
• The goal of RET is to replace irrational thoughts
Person-centered therapy
• The therapist listens to the client non-judgmentally and
provides unconditional positive regard, an ideal state like
the regard that a loving parent has for a __child________.
• The therapist tries to be genuine, empathetic and caring, and
tries not to interpret the client’s thoughts or feelings or offer
____advice__________.
Table 15.4