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Past perfect
simple
 We use past perfect simple
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 For an action which happened in the past before before
another past action. The action which happened earlier
in the past is in the past perfect simple, and the
action which happened later is in the past simple.

They had done their homework

Past Past Present

perfect simple
Before they went out to play, yesterday afternoon
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 For an action which happened before a stated time in the past.

For example: She had watered all the flowers by five o’clock in the
afternoon.

 As the past equivalent of the present perfect simple. That is, we use the
past perfect simple for an action which started and finished in the past.

Past Past Present

perfect simple
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Structure

SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE +

COMPLEMENT

SUBJECT + HADN’T + PAST PARTICIPLE +

COMPLEMENT

HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE +

COMPLEMENT