LANGUAGE FORMS AND FUNCTIONS

STUDENTS
CHRISTIAN MUÑOZ ID: 94534263
INGRID JOHANNA PALACIOS ID:
JANETH PARRALES ID:

TUTOR
ANDRES ORLANDO BLANCO

GROUP NUMBER
 551038_18

OPEN AND DISTANCE NATIONAL EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION SCIENCE
CEAD-CALI. SEPTEMBER 5TH, 2019
 INTRODUCTION

The development of this Work allowed us to acquire a deep understanding of English language forms through
knowledge about morphology, grammatical categories, and semantic relations.
 MORPHOLOGY

It refers to the area of the linguistics which studies morphemes and the ways in which morphemes
combine together into larger units of meaning.  It's also defined as the study of the internal structure of
words
 GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES

Number

The first category, Number is a property of nouns and pronouns, and indicates quantity. Number has two value or two
terms of this category in English:
singular: indicates one only
plural: indicates two or more Number is also expressed by distinct forms of certain
pronouns and adjectives:
Number is expressed by inflection in:
Word type Number
  Word type Number
singular plural
noun boy boys singular plural
pronoun I we
demonstratives this, that these, those pronoun and every all
adjectives each many
possessive my our someone few
determiners anybody several
possessive mine ours a/an most
pronouns I we
reflexive pronouns myself ourselves
Person

Person is a property of pronouns, and differentiates participants in a conversation. Person has three values:

first person: refers to the speaker

second person: refers to the hearer
third person: refers to all other people or things

Person distinctions are expressed by the inflected forms of the pronouns, for example:
Word type Person
 
1st 2nd 3rd
Pronoun I/me you he/him,
we/us she/her, it
they
possessive my your his, their
determiners
possessive mine yours his, theirs
pronouns
reflexive pronouns myself yourself himself,
themselves

As I denotes the person speaking, the referent of I changes depending on who is speaking; the referent of I is
always related to the specific speech situation. This means that the personal pronouns are what linguists call
“deictic”, 5 that is, an expression whose meaning depends upon the time and place of speaking (the speaker’s
here and now).
 BASIC SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Semantic relationships are the associations that there exist between the meanings of words (semantic relationships at word
level), between the meanings of phrases, or between the meanings of sentences (semantic relationships at phrase or sentence
level).

Entailment 
In semantics and pragmatics, entailment is the principle that under certain conditions the truth of one statement ensures the
truth of a second statement. Also called strict implication, logical consequence, and semantic consequence 
Entailment, or implication: one utterance entails another when the second is a logically necessary consequence of the first,
as Alan lives in Toronto entails Alan lives in Canada. Note that the relationship of entailment, unlike that of paraphrase, is
oneway: it is not the case that Alan lives in Canada entails Alan lives in Toronto. 
While paraphrases have the same truth conditions and always entail each other (symmetrical entailment), we speak of
entailment when one sentence entails that the other sentence is true, but the reverse does not hold. Thus, many examples of
entailment are based on hyponymy between lexical items: Mary loves flowers entails Mary loves roses. 

Inclusion 
The inclusion relationship describes situations where one entity type comprises or contains other entity types. Winston et al.
(1987)
Example: As I like fruit includes I like apples.
Again, this relationship is unidirectional.
Example:  I like apples does not include I like (all) fruit.
 CONCLUSION

How can these topics enhance your current or future role as an English teacher? 

These topics can enhance my future role as an English teacher because thanks to the understanding of language form, surface features of the
language and how these are arranged, I can understand that the rules that govern how particular language features are arranged are the
grammar of the language, that is a very important step in the process to teach English.
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

McCabe, A. (2011). ‘Language and Mind’, Chapter 4 in An Introduction to Linguistics and Language Studies. London: Equinox
Publishing Ltd. pp. 169-231. Retrieved from
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p_169

Brinton, L. J., & Brinton, D. (2010). ‘The internal structure of words and processes of word formation’, Chapter 4 in The Linguistic
Structure of Modern English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. pp. 79-112. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xww&AN=333441&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&p
pid=pp_79

Brinton, L. J., & Brinton, D. (2010). ‘Grammatical categories and word classes’, Chapter 5 in The Linguistic Structure of Modern
English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. pp. 113-142. Retrieved from
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pid=pp_113

Brinton, L. J., & Brinton, D. (2010). ‘Lexical semantics’, Chapter 6 in The Linguistic Structure of Modern English. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins Publishing Co. pp. 143-183. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xww&AN=333441&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&p
pid=pp_143