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E M E EJA
N O R L AL
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A N B Y
FIRST OF ALL, WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY?

Phonetics deals Phonology is
with the deals with the
physical sound systems
properties if the languages, how
elements of the speech are
sound system, organized into
how the sound systems,
is physically about patterns 
produced of sounds.
 Phonetics: [t] a
LE voiceless
P alveolar stop
A M
EX
Phonology:
`tuck´, `stuck´,
`cut´, `duck´.
NOW, PHONEMES AND ALLOPHONES
The phoneme The allophone

 Are based on spoken  The phonetic

language and
recorded by IPA variant or variants
(International of a phoneme.
Phonetic Alphabet).
  Is a unit of sound  They are predictable
that distinguishes and non-significant.
one word from
another in a
particular language.
 Is one of a set of
 A phoneme is a multiple possible
phonological unit that spoken sounds,
includes similar
sounds or phones and or phones, or signs
differentiates used to pronounce a
between two or more single phoneme in a
words particular language.
AND THE PHONES

 Phones are the smallest distinguishable

of speech sounds.
 They are refers to any speech sound of
gesture without regard of it place in
phonology of language.
 The phones of a phoneme are called
allophone of each other
TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND EVEN MORE…
AND OF COURSE, SOME EXAMPLES:
 U L
E F
S
U GY
R E LO
O NO
, M HO
O W P
N IN
N D S
A RM
TE
PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION 
A phonetic transcription (based on phones)
is enclosed within square brackets ([ ]) rather
than the slashes (/ /) of a phonemic
transcription (based on phonemes) and is the
visual representation of speech sounds
(or phones) by means of symbols. The most
common type of phonetic transcription uses
a phonetic alphabet, such as
the International Phonetic Alphabet.
MINIMAL PAIRS
Is a pair of words that have different meanings and which differ
only one sound. 
Some rules for Minimal pairs:
• They must have the same number of sounds.
• They must be identical in every sound except for one.
• The sound that is different must be in the same position in
each word.
• The words must have different meanings
SYLLABLES

A phonological unit that contains

more than one phoneme. They
must contain a vowel or a vowel
like consonants.
SO, WHAT DID WE LEARN?…
ALLOPHONES ARE VARIATIONS OF PHONEMES.
THEY ARE A SET OF POSSIBLE SPOKEN
SOUNDS OR PHONES, USED TO PRONOUNCE
ONE SINGLE PHONEME.
AND THAT´S IT, HOPE YOU ENJOY, SEE YOU
LATER!