NELSON MANDELA:

THE ANTI-APARTHEID Visionary

Discourse
VISIONARY
 WHO WAS NELSON MANDELA?

Born: July 18, 1918 in Mveso, Transkei in South Africa.

 In his 20s: Got into the University Of Fort Hare ; the highest
school a person of his color could go to.

 Fort Hare: First foundation where he fought for rights as a

civil rights activist.

 Became involved in anti-apartheid movement.

 Joined African National Congress ( ANC)

 Tried to use non-violent methods in ANC (proved

ineff ective)
 WHY WAS HE INCARCERATED?

 ANC started to strike

back against inequality
with civil disobedience.
 Whites retaliated

 Mandela became a major

threat around the country
for starting strikes and
boycotts. (biased
government)

 In 1962: Arrested as a
political prisoner for life.
27 YEARS OF IMPRISONMENT

 Thousands of black and

white people went on
strike to get Mandela
out of custody. (True
supporters)

 Feb 11 1990: Released

from Victor Verster
prison.

 Mandela delivered his first

public address in Cape
Town.
APARTHEID HAS NO FUTURE- A RHETORICAL
ANALYSIS OF NELSON MANDELA’S SPEECH

PURPOSE AUDIENCE
 1. To thank, motivate &  Addressed the entire
inspire those who audience of South Africa
supported him. (not just Cape Town).

 2. To unify the nation of  “those in every corner

South Africa by bringing of the globe who have
the two races together. campaigned tirelessly”

 “complete eradication
of apartheid”
 FORM AND STRUCTURE
• Introduces patriotism, greets
the people, refines his
leadership.
Introduction • “I salute..” “Friends,
comrades & fellow South
• Africans”
Apartheid has no future.
• Effects of apartheid: plight of
Middle the homeless, state of
economy etc.
• Quotes words from his trial in
1964
Conclusion • Determined, passionate:
Reinforces call to arms.
 TONE DELIVERY

Honorable Slow and deliberate

Commanding Impacting
Inspirational Compelling
Passionate

" I pay tribute..."

 "I salute..."
 "But if needs be, it is an ideal
for which I am prepared to die.“
 We must not allow fear to stand
in our way"

ETHOS
• “I stand here before you
not as a prophet but as
a humble servant of
you, the people”
• Credibility of character.
ORGANIZATION
PATHOS LOGOS
• Difficult circumstances”, • Logical reasoning
“unrelenting
persecution”, “holding • Ending of the state of
the flag of liberty high”, emergency, Release of
“the pride of our all political prisoners,
movement”, and “great negotiations on the
heroes.”  dismantling of
apartheid, maintaining
• Packed with emotional sanctions, the
connotations. institution of universal
suffrage.
 RHETORICAL DEVICES

RULE OF THREE ANAPHORA

“ Friends, comrades "I salute our
and fellow South President..."
Africans.” "I salute the rank..."
"I salute the South
African Communist
“I greet you all in the
Party...."
name of peace,
democracy and “I pay tribute to the
freedom for all.” many religious..”
“I pay tribute to the
mothers…”
 RHETORICAL DEVICES

METAPHOR PERSONIFICATION
The sight of freedom Personifi ed fear to
looming on the evoke frenzied
horizon) emotions.

Youth, you, the “We must not allow

young lions fear to stand in our
way.”
 RHETORICAL DEVICES

REPETITION CALL AND RESPONSE

The people need to Interacts with the
be consulted on who audiences’ verbal
will negotiate and feedback, affirmation
on the content of and encouragement.
such negotiations.
Negotiations cannot Call and Response
take place above interplay made famous
the head. by Dr. Martin Luther
 Encouraging
King.
negotiation.
 CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND
NEGOTIATION CONCEPTS
Results:

 Voting right given to multiple races and many basic

needs supplied to people in dire need.

 Negotiated with president F.W de Clerk to give equal

rights to all.

 First democratically elected black president of South

Africa 1994.

 Abolished apartheid in South Africa.

 MANDELA’S LEGACY

Broader Results

 He reformed the South Africa to be a multiracial

society.

 He helped to build healthcare centers, houses, and

shelters.

 He also founded the Elders organization which helped

many people worldwide.
 MANDELA: THE VISIONARY

'I have fought against

white domination and I
have fought against
black domination. I have
cherished the ideal of a
democratic and free
society in which all
persons live together in
harmony and with equal
opportunities. It is an
ideal which I hope to
live for and to achieve.
But if needs be, it is an
ideal for which I am
prepared to die.'