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Inductor-And-Filter
Inductor-And-Filter
1
Learning Objectives
• Understand what an inductor is
– V = L di/dt
– It is a device that tries to keep current constant
• Generates voltage (in either direction) to resist current changes
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INDUCTORS
5
Inductors
7
Inductor Info, if You
Know Physics E&M
• Models the energy stored in magnetic fields
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Aside: Energy
•
Flow in Inductors
Power flow into a device is always iV
– Total energy that flows into the
inductor
t t final 1 2
P iV iL di Pdt Lidi Li
0 0 2 final
dt
– Assumes current starts at 0A and ends at ifinal
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• The energy stored in the inductor is Li2
2
1
• Recall in a capacitor, energy stored is CV 2
2
• In both cases, the energy is stored and later returned.
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Transformers
• The energy is stored in the magnetic field (Wikipedia)
– And the field is generated by the
current
d di
iL and V L
dt dt
• If you have two coils of wire around the same magnetic material
– Both wires will see the same magnetic field ()
– You can transfer power between the two coils
• Real Inductors
– Are not that ideal (unless they are superconducting)
– They have significant resistance from the wire
– Can by modeled by an ideal inductor in series with a resistor
• The resistance causes a voltage across the ideal inductor
• Since the voltage across the ideal inductor is negative
– The current decreases
Series and
Parallel Inductors
• If you have inductors in series
– Currents and di/dt are the same
– V = Ldi/dt = L1di/dt + L2di/dt + . . .
– Leqv = L1 + L2 + . . . .
vin vout V R 1
L out
R j
R Vi 1 j 2F
2FL R
n L
1
Gain Fc Corner Freq
dB
- 20dB/decade
L
0 2
R
If R = 1 k Ω and L = 1 mH,
-20
then Fc 159 kHz
-40
Freq
1
FC
L 1
2 FC
0 2R
- 20 dB/decade C
R
dB
Log F
FC
RLC Filter
F
RLC Filter
R
vin vout Vout
1
L Vi R j 2FL
C j
R n
j 2FRC 2FC
2
1 L
2 R
The F2 term dominates when 2F LC 2FRC or F 15.9
kHz
RLC Filter
-10
-20
-30
-40
Freq
M. Horowitz, J. Plummer, R. Howe
1 10 100 10
3 104 105 106 Hz
EveryCircuit Simulation