Neisseria gonorrhoeae

(Gonorrhea)
 History: When & Who
discovered it?
●
Neisseria Gonorroeae was discovered
in 1879.
●
By (and named after) a a German
physician and bacteriologist, Albert
Ludwig Sigesmund
Neisser.
 What is Neisseria
Gonorroeae?
●
a gram-negative (coffee bean shaped) diplococcus
shifting from 0.6 to 1.0 in diameter.
●
It has 2069 genes, 2002 protein genes, and 67
structural RNAs.
●
They grow on chocolate agar with Carbon
Dioxide.
●
A bacterium
responsible for
the sexual transmitted
infection, gonorrhea.
 Gonorrhea
●
caused by the bacterium,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
●
Second most common most common sexually
transmitted
disease in the U.S.
●
It multiplies in warm and
moist areas because
it's easy to grow.

Ex: reproductive tract,

urine canal, cervix,
fallopian tubes.
●
*&! It can also grow in the eyes, mouth, anus, and
throat.
 Causes:
●
Unprotected sex
●
Oral sex
●
When someone is infected, the bacteria can be
easily spread by:
– rubbing your eyes.
– Mothers who are infected can give their baby the
infection through delivery.
 Symptoms for men:
●
Symptoms begin: 2 to 14 days
●
Burning sensation while
urinating.
●
Testicular swelling and/or pain
●
Green, yellow,
and white discharge from the
penis.
 Symptoms for women:
●
Symptoms begin:
7 to 21 days
●
Pain and burning
sensation while
urinating.
●
Spotting blood
after sex.
●
Irregular bleeding period.
●
Yellow, green, and white discharge.
●
Pain from the pelvic area.
●
Painful intercourse.
 Who are at risk?
●
Any sexually active person
●
Ages between 15-29 years old have the
highest rates of gonorrhea.
●
In 1996, gonorrhea rates were high for men.
2010, women's rates are higher.
 Why are rates higher for
women?
●
They have more serious complications from the
infection.
●
Pregnancy difficulties.
●
Pain in the pelvic area.
●
Inflammatory disease
●
Giving birth, the baby can have the infection.
●
Or even abort the baby.
 Is it a huge problem? Is it
curable?
●
It can be and yes.
●
If not treated immediately, it can lead to
health problems.
●
For men, it'll be difficult while urinating
because the infection caused a scar on the
urethra.
●
For women, it'll spread throughout the
vaginal area = Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.
●
People who have gonorrhea may also have
chlymadia (#1 common STD.)
 Treatment:
●
* Antibiotics
– Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Spectinomycin. Ciprofloxacin
& Ofloxacin
– While under treatment, one must not have any sexual
contact.
– Must wait at least 7 days after medication.
– Both partners must be tested & treated or else the
infection will happen again.
●
If failed, one must be tested for a gonorrhea
culture (sample of body fluid), so they can take a
different antibiotic.
 Treatment:

●
* Antibiotics
– While under treatment, one must not have any
sexual contact.
– Must wait at least 7 days after medication.
– Both partners must be tested & treated or else
the infection will happen again.
●
If failed, one must be tested for a gonorrhea
culture (sample of body fluid), so they can
take a different antibiotic. (ex: Antibiotic-resistant
strains)
 *!& Fun Fact
●
In France, gonorrhea was known as “La
chaude pisse” (Hot piss) because of the
burning sensation while urinating.
●
It's also called as“The Clap!”Nickname
from a treatment: clapped on both side of the
penis for the discharge to come out.
 Recap:
●
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for the for
the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea.
●
Gonorrhea is #2 common STD in the US.
●
Spread by sexual contact & can/will infect the
newborn if the mother's infected.
●
Symptoms are very painful for men and women; it
may get worst without treatment immediately.
●
Young adults (15-29yrs) have high rates for
gonorrhea.
●
Rates are higher for women than men.
●
It's curable by antibiotics.
 How to prevent
gonorrhea?:
“Safe sex is great sex, better wear
a latex.”
*!&Condoms helps protect anyone
from sexually transmitted infections.

or..
just not have sex.