Ac h ie ve m e n t

Motivation
Theory
 McClleland’s
Achievement Motivation Theory
• An expert in human motivation, David
McClelland joined the Harvard faculty
in 1956, where he taught and
conducted research for 30 years
• One of his most important legacies was
the development of a widely used scoring
system for the Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT), a projective test which had
created in the 1930’s by Harvard
been
(1917-1998)
David McClelland
psychologists Henry Murray and
Christiana Morgan
 McClleland’s
Achievement Motivation Theory
• introduced in the 1960s
• based on Maslow’s hierarchy of need
• Individual posses three needs which are not
innate and learned through culture, age, and
experience
• attempts to explain and predict behaviour
and performance based on a person’s need
for achievement, affiliation, and power
• also referred to as the Acquired Needs Theory or
the Learned Needs Theory
McClelland Human Motivation Theory
(Hedberg et al., 2002)
 Three Main
Needs
Need for Achievement Desire to do better, solve
problems, or master
complex tasks
Need for Affiliation Desire for friendly and warm
relationship with others
Need for Power Desire to control others
and influence their
behavior
 Achievement Motivation
• defined a s the extent to which individuals
differ in their need to strive to attain
rewards, such a s physical satisfaction,
praise from others and feelings of
personal mastery (McClelland, 1985)
 Need for
Achievement
• McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, and Lowell
(1958) defined the need for Achievement (n
Achievement) as success in competition with
some standard of excellence
• comprises four main areas namely; the
desire to accomplish something difficult,
attain a high standard of success, master
complex tasks and surpass others
Need for
Achievement
Characteristics of This Person

Has a strong need to set and
accomplish challenging goals.

Takes calculated risks to accomplish their
goals.

Likes to receive regular feedback on
their progress and achievements.

Often likes to work alone.
How the McClelland’s Human
Motivation Theory motivate
students?
• Teachers should emphasizes the specific
strategies when introducing a new
material
• Demonstrate caring attitude to students
• Encourage students to take the
responsibility in learning
Dr ive -Re d u c t io n
Theory
 Hull Drive-Reduction
Theory
• was a psychologist known for
his drive theory and research
on human motivation
• had an impact on a number of
other well-known and
influential psychologists
including Kenneth Spence, Neal
Miller, and Albert Bandura
Clark Hull
(1884-1952)
 Hull Drive-Reduction Theory
Biological Need Motivates Behavior
• According to drive-reduction theory, humans
are motivated to satisfy physiological needs
in order to maintain homeostasis.
• Drive is a state of tension or arousal caused
by biological or physiological needs
- general in nature and that various motives
such as hunger, thirst, or sex may add to
the overall drive level of an individual
-
 Primary and Secondary
Drive
• Primary drives are innate biological needs
(e.g., thirst, hunger, and desire for sex)
that are usually necessary for survival.
• Secondary drives, on the other hand, are
not usually necessary for survival and are
often linked to social or identity factors
(e.g., the desire for wealth).
 Hull Drive-Reduction
Classroom Implications
Theory
• Find out what drives your students
• Try to have a one-on-one chat with
them and try to discover what is that
they find fulfilling and s e e if you can
find opportunities in your lessons for
them to enact their drives
 References
• https://www.academia.edu/9358331/McClelland_s
_Human_Motivation_Theory?ends_sutd_reg_path
=true
• file:///C:/Users/UCMIMO_PC1/Downloads/ACHIEV
EMENTMOTIVATIONTHEORY.pdf
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/theories-of-motivation/