The Evolution and

Chapter 28 Distribution of
Galaxies
Galaxy evolution
refers to the
changes in
individual
galaxies over time
 Spectra

What do we Colours
study?

Shapes
The first generation of stars
An Ultra-Deep
look into space
Galaxies have changed in multiple ways
 Galaxy interactions
The result can depend on the speed of the galaxies
Can also depend on relative sizes
Merger vs cannibalism
Can even change how they look
Won’t somebody think of the stars?

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4409
Starburst galaxies
Back in the violent old days
What about active galactic nuclei (AGN)?
 The
cosmological
principle
The universe is both
isotropic and
homogeneous
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_sandy_beach_on_Santa_Rosa_Island.jpg
The local group
 Clusters

Virgo Coma
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Black_hole_lensing_web.gif

Gravitational lensing
Mapping an
even larger
scale
Superclusters and voids
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Dark matter
locally
Dark matter in galaxies
Dark matter in clusters
Mass to light
ratio
 • MACHOs?
• Hot dark
matter?
• Cold dark
matter?
What is dark matter?
1 g of luminous
normal matter
4 g of nonluminous
normal matter
27 grams of dark Matter vs
matter Dark matter
How galaxies form and grow
Forming galaxy clusters, superclusters, voids and filaments
The big picture