Chapter 1:

Review of Related
Literature
•It is very important
because such
reviewed literature
and studies serve as
a foundation of the
proposed study.
Reviewed literature help or
guide the researcher in the
following ways:
1. They help or guide the researcher in
searching for or selecting a better
research problem or topic.
2. They help the researcher understand
the topic better.
3. They ensure that there will be no
duplication of other studies.
Reviewed literature help or guide the
researcher in the following ways:

4. They help or guide the researcher in

locating more sources of related
information.
5. They help the researcher in making
the research design.
6. They help and guide the researcher
in making comparison between his
findings with the findings of other
researchers.
 Characteristics of
Related Literature:
1. The surveyed materials must be
as recent as possible.
2. Materials reviewed must be
objective and unbiased.
3. Materials surveyed must be
relevant to the study.
 Characteristics of Related
Literature and Studies:
4. Surveyed materials must have
been based upon genuinely
original and true facts or data
to make them valid and
reliable.
5. Reviewed materials must not be
too few nor too many.
Reminder:
As soon as you have chosen a topic for
your research, you should look for the
theory linking your topic with an
available body of knowledge.

Kerlinger (1973) defined theory as “a set

of interrelated constructs (concepts),
definitions, and propositions that
present a systematic view of
phenomena by specifying relations
among variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting the
phenomena.
Functions of Theory

1. It identifies the start for the research

problem by presenting the gaps,
weak points and inconsistencies in
the previous researches.

2. It puts together all the constructs or

concepts that are related with the
researcher’s topic.

3. It presents the relationships among

variables that have been
investigated.
Conceptual Literature
• pertains to articles or books
written by authorities giving
their opinions, experiences,
theories or ideas of what is
good or bad, desirable or
undesirable within the problem
area.
• Start with foreign materials
before the local materials.
• Establish the link between the
variables.
Research Literature
• Refers to published or
unpublished reports of
actual research studies
done previously. Start
with foreign materials
first before you go to
local materials.
Synthesis
• Putting together all the
materials in the
Conceptual Literature
and Research Literature
and framing how they
would relate to your
research.
Midterm Output (in lieu of
exam):
•Create an outline first.
•Make sure that you have at
least 10 sources.
(80% must be
books.)
•The bibliography must be
submitted together with your
RRL.
•Minimum of 15 pages for
RRL.