The role of borrowings in the

English language

Made by:
Iryna Kalenikova
Group 34-O
 The word “borrow” is often used in literature on
loanwords to symbolize that a language uses a word
that originally comes from another language.
In Merriam-Webster’s
Online dictionary the
word “loanword” is
defined in this way: “a
word taken from
another language and
at least partly
naturalized "
 Guest
words

Loan Foreign
words
Borrowings words

calques
 Indirec
Direct
t

Borrowings
 Five major Romance loanword periods:

The
modern
The period
• The third
second period
period

• The first
period
• The zero
period
 The zero period
A mule

chalk

linen
 The first period
A car

A druid

piece
 The second period
bishop

dream

sky
 The third period
castle

verdict

prison
The modern period
The Celtic element in the English vocabulary

Beak

mutton
lawn
 Latin

Classical
Borrowings
Greek
Latin Borrowings: plum
-Early loans
-Later loans
temple

elephant
 Greek borrowings

angel lamp theater

 French borrowings
biscuits painter

magazine

cabbage niece
 Italian borrowings
quartet

trombone

umbrella
 Spanish borrowings
tango

tomato

tobacco
The Scandinavian Element in the English
Vocabulary
snob

ugly

skirt
German Borrowings
iceberg

Volkswagen
 Slavonic Borrowings
mammoth

sable
balalaika
Thank you for your attention!