INTRODUCTION OF SLOSHING

 Any motion of liquid surface is termed as a

sloshing.

Liquid sloshing is the motion of a fluid as it

attempts to attain a state of equilibrium rising from
the effective instantaneous acceleration felt by the
liquid.

When a fluid moves and interacts with its

container, the dynamic pressures of such an
interaction may cause large deformation in the
container wall as well as the supporting structure
Figure:- Liquid sloshing in rigid containor
 TYPES OF SLOSHING:
It can be classified the free surface fluid
motion in three different slosh modes
consisting of :

• lateral sloshing
• vertical sloshing
• Rotational sloshing (Swirling
 EFFECT OF SLOSHING :

 Slosh creates forces on the walls of the container.

This causes instability to the container.
 Slosh disturbances produce structural oscillations.
Number Nine
• There is some chance
that, due to the
uncertainties of
complex models and
the assumptions used
to drive them, the
consensus is wrong.
 Number Eight
• Ignoring the potential
implications of climate
change is taking a big
risk with a valuable
asset.
– The Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC)
recommends that we avoid
“dangerous human
interference” with global
climate systems.
 Number Seven
• In order to avoid
dangerous
interference, IPCC
estimates that we
need to hold global
emissions about
steady.
Number Six
• Since the developing
world would still like
to develop, the
developed world must
make substantial
emissions reductions.
– IPCC says 70-80
percent of current
levels must be
reduced by 2040-
2050.
 Important Data
8.00E+09
7.00E+09
6.00E+09
5.00E+09
4.00E+09
3.00E+09
2.00E+09
1.00E+09
0.00E+00
World USA OECD Asia

Population Total Carbon Emissions

 More Important Data
6

0
World USA OECD Asia

Per Capita Carbon Emissions

 Number Five

• The Kyoto Protocol

will result in only
modest emission
reductions
– The US has not yet
ratified this treaty
Number Four

• We have 30-40 years

to transform
industrialized society
– Reducing emissions
by 70-80 percent is a
substantial challenge
US Greenhouse Emissions
HFCs, PFCs, SF6
N2O
2%
6%

CH4
9%

CO2
83%
US CO2 Emissions
Everything Else
3%

Fossil Fuel
97%
US Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions
Commercial
Residential 4%
7%

Industrial Electricity Generation

17% 40%

Transportation
32%
 Number Three
• We already have
technologies that can
help us on the way
– Efficiency
– Renewable Energy
– Coal-gasification with
carbon sequestration
 Number Two

• The behavioral
challenges are much
more daunting than
the technological
ones.
 Number One
• Climate change isn’t
likely to affect our
generation.
• We need to make
changes for
subsequent
generations.