Plumbing

Plumbing is the arts and technique of

installing pipes, fixtures & other apparatuses
in buildings. In plumbing system, pipes &
fixtures installed in a building are used for
distribution of portable water.

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 Plumbing Cycle
SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION
USE
Water mains, Pressure, piping
Plumbing fixtures
Storage tanks networks

SOURCE COLLECTION
Lakes, Rivers, Gravity,
Reservoirs Piping networks

TREATMENT DISPOSAL
Sewage Plants,Natural Sanitary and storm
Purification Sewers

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COMPONENTS

PIPES PIPE FITTINGS

 Copper piping  Coupling
 PVC  Reducer
 Galvanized pipe  Valves
 Brass  Elbow
 Cast iron pipe  Unions
 Cement pipe  Tee
 Cross
 Cap

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Types of Water Pipe

Distribution Pipe

Water Pipes Branch Pipe

Supply Pipe

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 Water Distribution System

1. Direct System
From City Water Supply – To Domestic Fixtures

2. Indirect System
Water Tank – Gravity System – To Domestic Fixtures
- Pump System - To Domestic Fixtures
Pump System
Transfer Pump System
Booster Pump System
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 Type of Water Pipe Materials
1. Plastic Pipe – PVC/ UPVC/ HDPE/ PPR/ ABS
Connection Type – Socket type / Thread type / Welded type / Heating type for PPR
2. Copper Pipe – Used for gas pipe and hot water pipe
Connection Type – Thread type / Welded type / Soldered type
3. Iron Metal Pipe
Iron – Cast iron (CI)
- Ductile Iron (DI)
- Galvanized Iron (GI)
Steel – Stainless steel (SS)
- Carbon steel (CS)
- Galvanized steel (GS)
- Mild steel (MS)
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 VALVES
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a
fluid by opening, closing or partially obstructing passageways.
The various types of valves are;
 Ball valve
 Gate valve
 Butterfly valve
 Check valve or non-return valve
 Globe valve
 Angle valve or L valve

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Gate Valve

Gate valves are most

commonly used on main line pipes
with high water pressure or high
water flow. They are usually used
in places where always opened and
closed.

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Globe Valves
A globe valve is a type of valve used for
regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a
movable plug or disc element and a stationary
ring seat in a generally spherical body.  The
flow pattern through a globe valve involves
changes in direction, resulting in greater
resistance to flow, causing high pressure drop.

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Ball Valves
They are used to shut off or permit full
flow of fluid through the valve. Ball valves
are using ball-shaped disc instead of conical
plugs located within the body. A hole
through the center of this disc provides the
straight-through flow which is characteristic
of ball valve.

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Butterfly Valves
They are high pressure recovery valves
(also called high capacity and high area ratio
valves) with relatively small overall pressure
drop in the fully open position as compared to
globe valves. It consists of a rotating circular
plate or a pair of hinged semicircular plates
which are attached to a transverse spindle and
mounted inside a pipe in order to regulate or
prevent flow.

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Pipe Fittings

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 Type of Water Pump
Type Motor Suction Discharge
Horizontal Centrifugal HOR HOR VER
Pump(High HP)

Vertical Centrifugal Pump VER HOR HOR

In line
Fire & Air-con H-split HOR HOR HOR
case(Transfer &
circulation)

Fire & Air-con V-split HOR VER VER

case(Transfer &
circulation)

Residential Jet Pump HOR HOR VER

(Low HP)
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Horizontal Centrifugal Pump(High HP) Vertical Centrifugal Pump In line Residential Jet Pump

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Types of Water Tank
• Transfer Water Tank
• Domestic Water Tank
• Rain Water Collection Tank
• Make-up Water Tank (@Cooling Tower)
• Fire Tank

Water Tank Location

Internal – U/G Tank External – U/G Tank
- A/G Tank
- A/G Tank
- Roof Tank
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Water Tank Materials

RC Tank ( Reinforced Concrete)

FRP/GRP Tank ( Fiber / Glass Reinforced Plastic)
Galvanized Steel Tank
Stainless Steel Tank

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Hot Water System

Instant water heater

Domestic Water Heater System
Boiler System
Heat Pump System
Solar System

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Instant Water Heater System

Used for Residential

Used for Single Fixture (Hand Shower)
Heater Type ( Gas Type & Electric
Type)
Mounted on wall
If low pressure , used jet pump
Without storage tank

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 Storage Water Heater System
Used for Residential
Used for Multi Fixture ( WB,SH,LB,SK,….)
Heater Type (Gas Type & Electric Type)
With Storage Tank – Max 100L & Min 20L
Mounted on wall & high level
Hot Water Pipe – PPR(No need insulation)
- Copper, Iron, Steel (Need insulation)

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 Heat Pump System

Used for Residential, commercial

Heat Pump Type-Split Type & Packed Type
Hot Water Pipe – Hot Water Supply(HWS)
-Hot Water Return(HWR)

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Boiler System
Used for Residential, Commercial & Factory
Heater Type( Gas, Electrical & Steam)
Boiler System-Hot Water Supply(HWS)
-Hot Water Return(HWR)

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