GLASS

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO: MANAV
SONIYA TIWARI BATCH 19
WHAT IS GLASS?
Glass is a mixture of metallic
silicates like pure sand, soda chalk
and an alkali metal.
It is made with the mixture of sand
and silicates in a very hot fire stove
called a kiln.
 It is a hard brittle, transparent,
translucent material
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLASS:

 It has highly shining appearance and takes good

polish.
 It Is not affected by temperature except in some
exceptional cases.
 It is fire retardant.
 It provides heat insulation.
 It also ensures transmission of light.
 It is available in various varieties.
 It transmits light but also provide privacy by
obstructing vision.
 Glass blocks provide heat and sound proof
properties.
 MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

• This method of making flat glass is the most

popular method used ny Manufactures and
require a great deal of initial capital to start
up. These float glass manufacturing plants will
work for 24 hours a day the whole year round
non-stop for 15 years! The machine required to
produce flat glass was first designed by Sir
Alistair Pilkington in 1952 and is now the
standardised method of making flat glass. The
process line from furnace to flat glass of variable
thickness and length can be half a kilometre long
and the machine can churn out 6,000 tonnes a
week amounting to 6,000 thousand kilometres of
glass a year. All this production boils down to a
six step process.
Step 1 – Melting and Refining
By far one of the most important steps because this can influence the quality of glass highly.
In This furnace the glass is melted at approx 1400-1600˚C is refined and homogenised to
ensure the glass coming out at 1100 ˚C onto the float bath is removed of any gas bubbles or
insertions. However if the finished product requires a certain look and feel the compositions
of the methods can take an altering.

Step 2 – Float Batch

The spout Pushes out the glass onto a layer of liquid molten tin. The molten glass is of high
viscosity and does not mix with the liquid molten tin literally ‘floating’ on top. This with a
little help from gravity creates a perfectly levelled contact surface. The thickness is
controlled by the speed at which the glass is spread over the line of molten tin.

Step 3 – Coating
Coatings are added to the glass as a more modern day requirement according to Customer
specifications. A way of applying involves an area in the line that uses advanced high
temperature wielding robots at the cooling ribbon of glass. Another way to vary the optical
properties of the floating glass is through a chemical vapour depositor (CVD). This can
cover the liquid glass moving beneath with a variety of coatings less than a micron in
thickness. They can be used to bounce out UV rays or to reflect visible and infrared
wavelengths.
Step 4 – Annealing
To further ensure that the glass has no unwanted insertions or bubbles that can occur when
cooled unevenly. A long furnace, the ‘lehr’ cools the glass at varying temperatures best
suited to keep the glass perfect to customer specs. The later technology Developed
included a sensor that detects the stress level of the glass and in turn controls the
temperatures of the lehr.

Step 5 - Inspection
Occasionally a grain of said, a tremor or a single bubble will create a lower quality output
and with improved technology automated highly sensitive methods are used to pick up these
glitches. The automated inspection method can control the cutters and make 100 million
measurements a second across the ribbon of glass.

Step 6 – cutting to order

the final step is also dictated by a computer program where the glass is cut to order and
sold to the client. Any waste material that has been cut out due to imperfections are fed
right back into the furnace as cullet.
•About the company
 Asahi India Glass Ltd. (AIS) is India's leading integrated glass
solutions company and a dominant player both in the automotive
and architectural glass segments.
 It commands over 70% market share in the Indian passenger car
glass market. Established in 1984, AIS' footprint today spans the
entire spectrum of the automotive and architectural glass value
chains.
 AIS provides end to end solutions right from manufacturing of glass,
processing, fabrication and installation services. We cater to
customers in domestic and international markets.
 It is a sand-to-solutions organization offering varied types of glass
products & services for institutional buyers as well as retail
customers, including:
 Automotive glass products:The various types of glass range from laminated
windshields, tempered glass for sidelites and backlites to a range of value-added
glasses Like Solar control, Acoustic, De-fogger, Head-up display, etc.

 Architectural glass products: Our architectural product range includes clear,

tinted, solar control & heat reflective glass, mirrors, frosted and back painted
glass, along with a range of value added solutions in privacy, safety and acoustics.

 AIS Windshield Experts: India’s first and largest car windscreen repair &
replacement network in India with presence across 42 cities with 88 conveniently
located service centers. It is the preferred destination for discerning customers
who want their car windscreen replaced or repaired

 AIS Glasxperts: India's only provider of lifestyle solutions in glass whose offerings
span privacy, aesthetics, security, acoustic, energy-efficiency and door and
window solutions

 AIS Windows: A range of High Performance uPVC, wood and aluminium door and
window solutions that include Acoustic, Privacy, Energy efficiency and Safety &
Security solutions.
 Automotive Glass

 For over 30 years, AIS has been the most preferred choice for Automotive OEMs. With a
77% market share, AIS Auto Glass products and solutions can be seen on India’s best
vehicles across the automotive segments — from passenger cars and commercial vehicles
to HCVs, railways, and Earth-moving vehicles.

 The AIS range of products and

solutions include: laminated glass for
car windscreen; tempered glass for
sidelites, backlites, and car
windscreen; sub-assembly products;
and value-added glass products such
as defogger glass, acoustic glass,
encapsulated glass, etc.
 1. Tempered Glass for Sidelite & Backlite

• The tempered glass production starts with

subjecting float glass to temperatures
equal to softening point of glass,
approximately 680 Degree Celsius, and
then rapidly cooling it.
• Temperlite-LT from AIS, India’s leading
glass manufacturing company, is used
primarily for side window glass and rear
windshield glass, when it breaks;
tempered glass shatters into many very
small pieces with blunt edges.
Temperlite-LT
 2. Laminated Windshields

• Laminated glass is used mainly for windshields.

This type of glass consists of a layer of plastic
(PVB) is sandwiched between two sheets of
float glass. This layer of plastic, when used in
the glass manufacturing process, bonds the
glass together, so that if it breaks on impact,
the shards remain stuck together instead of
shattering. Lamisafe-LT from AIS, the leading
glass manufacturer in India, is used in the front
windscreen of the car. The strength of
laminated glass allows it to perform two very
important functions in cars: keeping passengers
inside the vehicle safe and laminated glass used
in windshields also provide strength to a car's
roof. Lamisafe-LT
 3. Value-Added Products

• Defogger Glass
Defogger glass removes ice and condensation from the
backlite or back glass electrically, through patterns that
heat up when charged, both within and outside the car.
This allows for clear visibility in all weather conditions.
• Glass Antenna
Unwieldy metal antennae can be quite an eyesore on a
well-designed car. Glass antennae are printed patterns
of conductive material on glass, accompanied by electric
devices that send and receive signals
Encapsulated Glass
Integrated trim to glass.Cost reduction through one supplier integration.Tooling
cost reduction through use of composite tooling. Less components to handle at
customer end.
Overall program timing reduction.
Plug-in window
Flush fitted glass is a new concept in the Indian market. Two glasses assembled
and fitted as exposed flush glass. One fixed glass directly glued to vehicle body
while the other fixed glass moves on the first glass with help of upper and
lower rails. When the second glass moves above the upper glass, a window is
created.
Rain Sensor Windscreen
Rain sensors save a driver from the constant distraction of having to flick
the wipers to adjust the blade speed. A sensor at the base of the wipers
detects the volume of rain falling on the windscreen and accordingly adjusts
the speed of the wipers.

Heated Windshield
Driving on winter mornings can be quite daunting especially after heavy
snowfall. Our heated windscreens have heat conductive patterns at the base
near the wipers which melt the snow along the bottom of the glass and free
the wipers to remove snow, and ice.
Acoustic Glass
Acoustic glass uses multi-layer co-extruded Acoustic PVB. It
addresses the fundamental performance problems of glass
with respect to noise transmission - Resonant vibrations and
Coincident effect.

AIS Ultrawipe Wiper Blades - For Ultra-Clear Vision, Always

Quick & Easy Installation,

Universal Adapter,
Premium Quality Rubber with Superfine Coating,
Special rubber formula best suited for Indian tropical, climate
Long service life
Architectural Glass

 IS Architectural Glass Solutions manufactures quality float glass, provides

captive supply to AIS Auto Glass Business unit, and creates its own processing
requirements for a range of high-end architectural glass products.

 AIS Glass Solutions was set up

in 2004 as a subsidiary of AIS,
with the objective of growing
AIS's presence in the
manufacture of architectural
glass solutions and value-
added glass products and
services. 
 1. Annealed

• Clear Float Glass

• Clear Float Glass from AIS, one of the leading glass manufacturing companies in
India, is the highest quality clear glass with high precision flatness (surface
smoothness) compared to other types of glass. Characterised by its uniform
thickness, AIS Clear Float, of all the glass types, is highly popular in the
construction of architectural exteriors and interiors, shop windows, showcases,
mirrors, furniture, tabletops, automobiles 
• Tinted Glass
AIS Tinted Heat-Absorbing Glass is a body tinted glass which absorbs energy from
solar radiation. It, therefore, cuts down the sun’s heat, enabling greater
convenience and comfort inside the building, while enhancing the aesthetic
appeal of the building from outside.
3. Krystal Frosted Glass
Rendering glass translucent to perfection, AIS Krystal is India’s only branded
frosted glass. AIS Krystal Frosted Glass obscures the view while allowing light to
pass through, making it ideal for privacy or aesthetic appeal. Besides being a
leader in the market, it offers a quality standard that is par excellence owing to
its superior glass manufacturing techniques.
 2.coated

A. SOFT COAT

i. AIS Ecosense - High Performance Energy

Efficient Glass
AIS Ecosense is a unique range of high
performance glass in natural shades available
as Enhance (Solar Control), Exceed (Solar
Control Low-E Glass), Essence (Low-
E), Edge (Solar Control Glass & Thermal
Insulation - Low E Glass) and Excel (Solar
Control Double Low-E).
The Ecosense Enhance Solar Control Glass range includes:
•Clear series: Dawn, Snow, Aura, Spring, Nectar
•Blue series: Cove, Orchid Blue, Bay, Marine, Indigo
•Green series: Pine, Jade, Coral, Meadow, Lime
The Ecosense Exceed Solar Control Low-E Glass range includes:
•Brook Series: Clear Brook, Blue Brook, Green Brook
•Vision Series: Clearvision, Bluevision, Greenvision
•Lite Plus Series:Clearlite Plus, Bluelite Plus, Greenlite Plus
•Radiance Plus Series: Clear Radiance Plus, Blue Radiance Plus, Green Radiance
Plus
The Ecosense Essence Low-E range includes:
•Clear Essence
•Green Essence
•Blue Essence The Ecosense Edge Solar Control Glass & Thermal
Insulation – Low-E range includes:
•Clear Edge (Natura)
•Blue Edge (Electra)
•Green Edge (Chroma)
Ecosense Excel Solar Control Double Low-E range
includes-
•Pearl Series - Clear, Blue & Green
•Sparkle Series - Clear, Blue & Green
ii. AIS SunShield Heat Reflective Glass

• its superior solar control properties, AIS

SunShield helps you reduce glare and
improves the energy efficiency of your
homes and commercial spaces.
• Its superior protective coating keeps you
safe from the harmful effects of UV
radiation.
• Rich in aesthetics
• Available in seven vibrant shades.
iii. AIS SunShield Royal Gold
The gold standard in heat-reflective glass

• Advanced solar control technology for reduced

glare, protection from UV radiation and
effective cooling comfort
• Improved energy efficiency of homes and
commercial spaces
• Ideal for a wide range of architectural and
aesthetic applications
• Available in 3.5mm, 4mm & 5mm thickness,
and a wide number of sizes
iv. AIS SunShield Trendz
Truly Golden. Truly Trendy.

• Available in vibrant colours and

patterns
• Coloured, patterned heat-reflective
glass
• Best heat –reflective technology
• Available in 3.5mm, 4mm & 5mm
thickness, and a wide number of sizes
B. Hard Coat

AIS Opal - Solar Control Glass

• IS Opal is an economical range of solar
control glass that provides value for money.
• Solar control characteristics prevents heat
from entering the building.
• Available in a range of shades to meet every
need and fit every design.
• A wide range of sizes and thicknesses for
more choice.
C. Interior Glass

i. Mirror
• Showrooms for a larger and more
spacious appearance.
• Sliding doors for cupboards, wardrobes,
bathrooms, etc.
• Contemporary furniture.
• Display shelves and much more.
II. Tinted Mirror

• High Optical Clarity Mirrors:

• Copper-Free Coating:
• Corrosion-Resistant Mirrors:
• Environment-Friendly:
• Compatible with a Wide Range of
Adhesives
• Turquoise Green Back Paint for Easy
Recognition
iii.AIS Décor Glass (Lacquered glass )

Durability
High-quality finish
can be easily used and maintained
Environment-friendly
Heat resistance
Moisture resistance
UV resistance
D. Processed Glass

i. Fire Resistant Glass

• Data Server Rooms
• Partitions
• Doors & Windows
• Transoms
• Roofs / Overhead Applications
• Facades
• Refuge floors / Areas
• Smoke Screens
ii. AIS Renew – Retrofitting Solutions
• Protects the building from sun’s heat and improves
comfort level of occupants
• Helps in heat insulation during winter season
• Offers excellent noise-reduction, as it has acoustic
properties
• Low maintenance and very easy to clean.
• Quick Payback period
• Significant reduction in dew condensation
• Short installation period (30 to 60 minutes per window)
• Low cost of installation
• Periodic Replacement is not needed
iii. Laminated Glass

• Eliminates the need for grills or shutters.

• It gives the ability to see more without
compromising on safety.
• Windows
• Roof Lights
• Skylights
• Glass lift walls
iv. Bullet Resistant Glass

• his allows the glass to absorb the bullet’s

energy by transferring the kinetic energy of
the bullet into shattering the glass.
• The softer plastic layer reinforces the glass
by holding it in place and allowing the glass
to flex back as it absorbs the impact.
• The polycarbonate and laminate also
spreads the force of the bullet laterally
across the entire glass surface.
v. Value-Added Laminated Glass

• Long-lasting, heat strengthened glass

with greater stability
• Highly secure laminated unit that
eliminates the need for grills and
shutters
• Reduces external noise for better
acoustic performance
• Unbeatable quality at an unmatched
value
• AIS Swytchglas - Smart Glass

• Normally made from extra clear glass  

•  Wide variety of colour tints of glass are possible

• Works with a remote control device
• Activates in less than 10 microseconds
• Blocks off UV rays that are harmful
• Works in temperatures from 0° to 55°C
D. Doors & Windows
Complete Door and Window Solutions by
AIS Windows
• Thermal Insulation
• Provides insulation against noise
• No painting required; easy to clean and
operate
• Stylish, modern, and available in various
designs and colours 
• Eco-Friendly