ORIENTATION ON OLTRAP:

THE DOST SCHOOL-BASED

OLTRAP PROGRAM
AIM:
• To provide the
scientific framework of
the DOST-OLTRAP
Program of Dengue
(DEN) vector control
Specific:
1. explain the concept of vector
control; vector

2. explain DEN vector control

3. explain Integrated Vector

Control (IVC) and Integrated
Vector Management (IVM)
Specific:
4. discuss the components of IVC
from vector biology to control
measures
5. describe vector surveillance as it
applies to DEN Oltrap in a
classroom setting
LECTURE PROPER
VECTOR
• An arthropod (insects, mites, ticks)
that are capable of: acquiring,
supporting the development and
transmitting a pathogenic agent
(bacteria, viruses, parasites) from
one host to another host.

Ex: mosquito Aedes aegypti

transmitting dengue virus
VECTOR CONTROL
• suppression of a target population
by using measures to alter the
vector reproductive capacity or
potential (Vector Genetics
Course, 2010, India).
NET REPRODUCTIVE RATE
(NRR) and
GROSS REPRODUCTIVE RATE
(GRR)
 NET
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (NRR)
• refers to the survival of eggs of
mosquitoes to adults (number of
eggs surviving to become adults)
• dependent on the following:
1. number of containers available
for Aedes vectors to lay their eggs
 NET
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (NRR)
• dependent on the following:
2. condition of the containers; can
hold water for at least seven (7) days;
covered; uncovered
3. interspecies competition
Ae. aegypti vs Ae. Albopictus
 NET
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (NRR)
• dependent on the following:
4. Predators
5. Larvicides
6. Larval food; temperature for
pupal development
NET
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (NRR)
EX:
100 eggs laid on the trap/any
container
How many will emerge as adults?
0; 25; 50; 100?
 GROSS
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (GRR)
• refers to the number of adult
females surviving through one day
to lay their eggs
• influenced by:
1. female adult completion of
gonotrophic cycle
2 to 3 days (> 250C); obtaining
their blood meal and laying their
first batch of eggs
 GROSS
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (GRR)
• influenced by:
(early death within a day;
prevents an adult female to mate
with adult males)
• no mating; no blood meal; no laying
of eggs
• this is where adulticides are useful
 GROSS
REPRODUCTIVE
RATE (GRR)
EX:
100 eggs laid on the trap/any
container
50 emerged as adults
25 died on day 1
25 survived and successfully mated
20 died on day 2
only 5 survived on day 3 and fed
on humans
DENGUE VECTOR
CONTROL
• Application of various anti-DEN
mosquito measures to alter the
NRR and GRR
 DENGUE VECTOR
CONTROL
• Specific targets:
– Prevent DEN transmission and cut DEN
transmission
through:
1. lowering the NRR by
- trapping(ovitrapping/ OLtrapping )
- larviciding
- container management
- environmental sanitation
 DENGUE VECTOR
CONTROL
• Specific targets:
through:
2. lowering the GRR by:
- adulticiding (space-spraying;
aerosol treatment)
- genetic manipulation of the
reproductive capacity of the
mosquito
 DENGUE VECTOR
CONTROL
• Specific targets:
through:
3. prevention and man-mosquito
contact
- curtains
- long trousers
- repellents
INTEGRATED (DEN)
VECTOR CONTROL
• integration/combination of
measures to reduce the NRR and
GRR
 INTEGRATED (DEN)
VECTOR
MANAGEMENT
• utilization of technical and
managerial measures to bring
about an effective degree of vector
suppression to prevent and control
DEN transmission

Key words: effective degree of vector

suppression
 COMPONENTS
OF IVC
1. Vector biology/behavior – Aedes
DEN vectors
2. Surveillance tool; ovitrap/oltrap
Surveillance index
3. Critical Threshold Density
Index(ces) or effective degree of
vector suppression (OL Index)
4. Control measures
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
The Vector
1. WHAT :
(Mosquito and Dengue)
Biology

1.1 Aedes mosquito vectors

a. Aedes aegypti
b. Aedes albopictus
 Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus

- secondary vector
- primary vector - maintains the virus in the
- involve in cases of epidemics environment
General characteristics - urbanized areas
- lives indoors - rural areas
- lives outdoors

- confined to artificial containers - prefers to breed outdoor, in

Breeding habitat indoors natural containers

- rests in cool, dark corners of the - rests outdoors in clearings and

Resting habits house vegetations
 Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus

Size - 3-4 mm - same

Color - dark brown to black - same

Thorax - lyre-shaped white marks or scales - single white marks

Abdomen - with white scales - with white and dark marks

Legs - with white marks - same

 Vector Characteristics

• Biting Habits
“daybiters” with two peaks of biting time:
 1 to 2 hours after sunrise
 1 to 2 hours before sunset
 only female mosquitoes bite because of the
requirement of blood for oviposition
 males do not bite but feed on plant juices and
nectar of flowers
 Vector Characteristics

• Flying Habit
 do not fly great distances
 farthest flight distance is within
200 to 400 meters radius from
their breeding places
• Adults found around 50 meters
from the breeding sources
 Bionomics
• at temperatures <10oC and >40oC, no
developmental process takes place
• female mates with male only once
• oviposition takes place about 2 to 5 days
from blood engorgement
• prefers dark-colored background for
oviposition
• lays egg 3 to 4 times in its lifetime
 60 to 100 eggs per batch
 Life Cycle (10-12 days)

Adult Eggs:
-Wings uniformly - Black and oval in
grayish black shape
-Body and legs are - Laid singly above
black with distinctive water surfaces of
white patches containers
throughout
-Thorax has
markings

2 - 3 days 
1 - 2 days 
Pupa Larva:
-Non-feeding stage 6 - 8 days  - Feeding stage
-Breeding trumpet is - Breeds in clean and
long, slender with non-polluted water
narrow opening - Rests at an angle to
the water surface
Behavior of females

1. Bite from sunrise to sunset

2. Flight range 50 m to 300 m from

the containers

3. Highly domesticated
 Behavior of females
4. Rest;
indoor: under furniture; lower
portion of walls where there are
curtains; shoe racks/inside shoes;
sink; indoor plants, etc

outdoor: underside of leaves; plant

pots; inside of wells; piles of woods;
discarded tires; poultry houses;
other dark and shady trees

5. May fly beyond 50 to 300 m in the

absence of host and containers
Indoor
Outdoor
Outdoor
SURVEILLANCE/VECTOR
• collection and interpretation of
data which can be used to guide
mosquito vector control
operations

• establish baseline

• presence or absence; species;

density and changes
 SURVEILLANCE TOOL
/ DENGUE
• classical OVITRAP/LARVITRAP
(black can; paddle; water)
• modified OVITRAP is the OLTRAP
(black container; paddle; water and
organic larvicide)
• 2 adults (females) emerging per day
(Malaysian experience)
 Difference between
OVITRAP and OLTRAP

Ovitrap OL Trap

Eggs on the paddle - Yes - Yes

Live larva seen - Yes - No

Action - Eggs trapped - Eggs trapped

With organic larvicide - None

- Yes
Value-added - None
- Additional attractant (kills larva)

- Breeds Aedes, if uncollected (set - Breeds Aedes, if uncollected after

Benefit and collect) 7 days (set and collect)

Index (CTDI) - Ovitrap index : 10% - OLTrap: 10%

• OL TRAPS are installed and serviced
weekly in locations where transmission
of DEN is probable. These are the
transmission sites:
1. nursery schools
2. pre-schools
3. elementary schools
4. hospitals
5. community with confirmed dengue
cases
6. Ovitrap Index = > 10%
 FORMULA

OL INDEX
Number of traps that are positive
x100
Number of traps installed and collected

If, OI is > 10% the place is vulnerable

to DEN transmission
Critical Threshold
Density Index (CTDI)

• actual target for the degree of

vector suppression

• predictive value for the

prevention of DEN transmission
 Remember:
• A positive trap means there is at
least one mosquito laying its eggs
in the sampling site (surveillance
site)

• Aim is eliminate this one

mosquito laying its eggs (attack
GRR)
SETTING THE
OLTRAP
Step 1
Fill the plastic tumbler
with tap water up to the
lined mark just above the
DOST logo (~250ml)
 Step 2
Pour one pack OL
pellets into the plastic
cup

Stir thoroughly to
ensure pellets are
dissolved
Step 3
Place the lawanit stick in
the solution with the
rough surface facing up
Step 4
Place 1 cup each inside
and outside the classroom
in a low-lying and dark
area
If outside, protect from direct
sunlight and rainfall
Take care not to spill the
contents
• Step 5
 Collect trap and note for
the following
 Eggs on the paddle
 Live larva/pupa
 The presence of even
one larvae indicates a
positive trap
 Step 6
Cleaning the Trap
• Vigorously brush-off into
the solution
eggs stuck
into the lawanit creases
• Kill the larva/eggs by
pouring hot
water into
the black tumbler
• Dispose contents
properly by pouring
Step 7
Repeat Steps 1-6
Dacal pung salamat!