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    Audrey R
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    This document discusses the differences and relationships between ethics and morality. It explores three types of ethical inquiry: normative ethics, which examines theories of right and wrong action; metaethics, which studies the nature of ethical properties and statements; and descriptive ethics, which describes how humans do reason about morality and make moral judgments. Key topics in normative ethics covered include consequentialism versus non-consequentialism, and theories like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics. The document also discusses whether morality depends on religion and whether it is culturally relative.

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    Intro_ethics

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    This document discusses the differences and relationships between ethics and morality. It explores three types of ethical inquiry: normative ethics, which examines theories of right and wrong action; metaethics, which studies the nature of ethical properties and statements; and descriptive ethics, which describes how humans do reason about morality and make moral judgments. Key topics in normative ethics covered include consequentialism versus non-consequentialism, and theories like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics. The document also discusses whether morality depends on religion and whether it is culturally relative.

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    13 views37 pages

    Introduction To Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Audrey R
    This document discusses the differences and relationships between ethics and morality. It explores three types of ethical inquiry: normative ethics, which examines theories of right and wrong action; metaethics, which studies the nature of ethical properties and statements; and descriptive ethics, which describes how humans do reason about morality and make moral judgments. Key topics in normative ethics covered include consequentialism versus non-consequentialism, and theories like utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics. The document also discusses whether morality depends on religion and whether it is culturally relative.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 37

    INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS

    HOW IS ETHICS DIFFERENT


    FROM MORALITY?
    ALTHOUGH BOTH TERMS CAN BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY, FOR THE SAKE OF CONCEPTUAL CLARITY, WE COULD
    LIMIT THE TERM ETHICS AS A BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY THAT INQUIRES ON MORALITY AND ALL ITS ISSUES.

    MORALITY, ON THE OTHER HAND, REFERS TO ONE’S SENSE OR STANDARD OF RIGHT AND WRONG. IT ALSO
    INVOLVES ONE’S IDEALS.
    MORALITY
    ETHICS
    WHAT ARE THE
    QUESTIONS
    INVOLVE IN
    ETHICAL INQUIRY?
    HOW ONE OUGHT TO
    LIVE?

    WHAT IS THE NATURE OF


    MORALITY?

    WHAT IS THE MORAL


    STANDARD OF A
    PARTICULAR CULTURE?
    THREE TYPES OF INQUIRY IN ETHICS

    1. NORMATIVE ETHICS
    2. METAETHICS
    3. DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS
    NORMATIVE ETHICS
    RESULT OR ACTION?
    CONSEQUENTIALIST ETHICS
    NON-CONSEQUENTIALIST
    ETHICS
    VIRTUE ETHICS
    UTILITARIANISM ASSERTS
    THAT THE ACTION IS RIGHT IF
    IT PRODUCES GREATEST GOOD
    FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER.
    KANTIAN ETHICS IS THE
    MAIN PHILOSOPHY UNDER
    NON-CONSEQUENTIALIST
    ETHICS
    TWO COMPONENTS OF KANTIAN ETHICS:

    - OUR DUTY OUGHT TO BE FOLLOWED NO MATTER WHAT.

    - OUR DUTY IS DERIVED NOT FROM OUR PERSONAL


    WANTS BUT FROM RATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL MORAL
    PRINCIPLES.
    ARISTOTLEAN ETHICS IS THE
    MAIN REPRESENTATIVE OF VIRTUE
    ETHICS
    DOES MORALITY DEPEND ON RELIGION?
    YES

    • DIVINE COMMAND THEORY


    - WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG ARE BASED ON GOD’S COMMAND.
    NO

    • WHICH IS MORE DESIRABLE UNDERSTANDING OF GOD AND GOOD ACTION?

    • ARE GOOD ACTIONS RIGHT BECAUSE GOD COMMANDS THEM, OR GOOD ACTIONS ARE GOOD
    THAT IS WHY GOD COMMANDED THEM
    OTHER REASONS…

    • ATHEISTS COULD ESTABLISH A MORALITY.


    • CHURCH HISTORICALLY CHANGE ITS MORAL STAND.
    • SCRIPTURES ARE SUBJECT TO READING AND INTERPRETATION.
    MORALITY IS BASED
    ON CULTURE
    CULTURE IS RELATIVE

    CULTURAL RELATIVISM SUGGESTS THAT


    THERE IS NO SINGLE RIGHT CULTURE.

    IT GOES AGAINST ETHNOCENTRISM


    BAT SOUP
    PENIS
    FESTIVAL
    • "FESTIVAL OF THE STEEL PHALLUS"
    IS HELD EACH SPRING AT
    THE KANAYAMA SHRINE
    • KANAYAMA SHRINE WAS POPULAR
    AMONG PROSTITUTES WHO
    WISHED TO PRAY FOR PROTECTION
    FROM SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
    INFECTIONS.[9]

    • IT IS ALSO SAID THE SHRINE


    OFFERS DIVINE PROTECTIONS FOR
    BUSINESS PROSPERITY, AND FOR
    THE CLAN'S PROSPERITY; AND FOR
    EASY DELIVERY, MARRIAGE, AND
    MARRIED-COUPLE HARMONY

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