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Engineering Management: Lesson Iv
Engineering Management: Lesson Iv
LESSON IV
B. TECHNIQUES
1. CPM – Critical Path Method
2. PERT – Project Evaluation Review
Technique
C. THREE (3) - PHASES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Planning:
- Dividing the project into distinct activities;
- Estimating time requirement for each activity;
- Establishing precedence relationship among activities.
2. Scheduling:
- Determine the start and end time of each and every activity.
3. Controlling:
- uses the arrow diagram and time chart for continuous monitoring
and progress reporting.
D. DEFINITION OF TERMS
22 44
1. Node – referred to as events, and they are
the instances where something happens.
11
2. Arcs – referred to as activities, and they
are the elements on a network that take
time and use resources.
33
1.Points, nodes, or events which are connected together 3. In an activity network an event cannot be completed
by lines called routes, arcs, edge, or activity. until all activities leading to it have been completed.
2. Event 2 cannot be completed until A 12 and A32 have 4. In an activity network an activity cannot be completed
been completed and this prevent A24 from starting. until its tail event has been completed.
E. GUIDELINES FOR NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
1. The start event and ending events of an activity are called tail event and
head/completion event, respectively;
2. The network should have a unique starting node (tail event);
3. The network should have a unique ending node (head event);
4. No activity should be represented by more than one (1) arc in the network;
1
1 22 66 5. The network must not contain loops, as shown
between events 3, 4, and 5 in figure (a). Loops
are a repetition of activity sequences and they
33 44
will be repeated endless, never leading to the
(a) a loop final events.
55
6. The network should not have any
11 22 44 dangle. These are events that go “nowhere”, as
for event 3 in figure (b). Dangles can be avoided
m y by the used of dummy activities, as shown by
(b) a dangle m
du
33 the broken line.
Introduce new
node/event
7. No two (2) activities should have the same starting mode and the same ending mode.
8. Dummy activity is an imaginary activity indicating precedence relationship only,
duration of dummy activity is “zero”.
DUMMY ACTIVITIES & THEY ARE PRIMARY
USED FOR 3 REASONS:
Dummy Activities – do not represent actual
A work done, and do not use up any resources
or take any time to complete.
12
12 13
13
dummy
B D
19
19 21
21
Introduce new
node/event
DUMMY ACTIVITIES & THEY ARE PRIMARY
USED FOR 3 REASONS:
3. To introduce a constraint, as shown in Figure (g) ,
where activity from event 6 has been constrained by the
dummy activity A76 shown dotted, and it cannot start until
55 6
6 this dummy activity has been completed along with
activity A56.
um my
d
77 8
8
FORMULA:
FF i j = ES j – ES i – D i j
K. EXERCISES:
Consider the detail of a project as shown in the table,
determine the following:
ACTIVIT IMMEDIATE DURATION TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
PREDECESS (MONTH)
Y OR
A 12 - 4
A 23 A 12 2
A 13 - 8
A 14 - 9
A 34 A 23 , A 13 7
A 35 A 23 , A 13 9
A 45 A 34 , A 14 5
1. Construct the CPM Network;
2. Determine the critical path and project completion time;
3. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the independent float for non critical
activities.
K. PLATE # 1:
Consider the project CPM network, determine the
following:
7
7
(9)
5
11 22 3
(4) 8
3 8
(6) (4)
(3)
(7) 4
4 (6)
(7)
6
6
55 99
(12)
1. Determine the critical path and project completion time;
2. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the independent float for non critical
activities;
3. Provide table for detail of the project.
PROBLEM #1:
Consider the project CPM network, determine the
following:
7
7
(12)
(6)
11 22 3
(5) 8
3 8
(7) (5)
(4)
(8) 4
4 (7)
(8)
6
6
55 99
(14)
22 6
6
11 33 5 7
5 7
A 12 - 3
1. Determine the critical path and project completion A 13 - 3
time; A 14 - 3
2. Compute for the total floats, free floats, and the A 26 A 12 10
independent float for non critical activities;
A 35 A 13 6
3. Prepare a draft by drawing a time-scaled diagram
A 56 A 35 , A 14 4
(using the CRITICAL PATH as reference)
A 67 A 26 , A 56 8
A. QUIZ #2:
Consider the detail of a project as shown in the table,
determine the following:
ACTIVIT IMMEDIATE DURATION TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
PREDECESSOR (MONTH)
Y
A 12 - 6
A 13 - 6
A 14 - 6
A 35 A 12, A 13 , A 14 8
A 46 A 14 8
A 67 A 35 , A 46 10
1. Draw the Project CPM Network
CONSTRUCTION OF 1-STOREY 2
CLASSROOMS
GO USTE !!!
ITEM NO. DESCRIPTION I.P. DURATIO TF i j FF i j IF i j NC / C
N (CD)
MOB Mobilization 3
506(1)a Masonry 7
SPL-2 Blackboard 2
DEMO Demobilization 3
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
GO USTE !!!