ELECTRIC

VEHICLES :
A Global
Perspective
P R ES E N T E D BY: N I S H A N T D U G G E D
R.NO: 16BME058
P R ES E N T E D TO : M R . PA R T H
P R A JA PAT I
S U B J EC T: S E M I N A R M I D - R E V I E W
Introduction
Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing and becoming common, with many manufacturers currently
offering models that plugin. There are dozens of more models expected to hit the market over
the next few years. And there's been increasing interest from car shoppers.
Because an electric car is devoid of the clutch, gearbox and even an exhaust pipe, it is
significantly quieter and offers a smoother ride than conventional gasoline-driven vehicles.
When fully charged, a standard EV is capable of covering somewhere between 150km - 200km
before it needs to be recharged.
China is world’s largest electric car market, followed by Europe and USA. China produced more
than 200,000 all-electric commercial vehicles last year, amounting to nearly 5% of the total
output of the world.
Global Electric Vehicle Market
Overview:
Electric mobility continues to grow rapidly. In 2018, the global electric car fleet exceeded 5.1
million, up 2 million from the previous year and almost doubling the number of new electric car
registrations.
The global electric vehicle market size was valued at $118,864.5 million in 2017, and is projected to
reach $567,299.8 million by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 22.3% from 2018 to 2025.
With a 29% market share, Norway currently boasts the most successful deployment of electric
vehicles globally, followed by the Netherlands at 6.4% and Sweden with a 3.4% market share.
Recently, the Scandinavian nation of Norway set a new world record, with electric and hybrid
vehicles accounting for nearly 52% of its total car sales in 2017 against 40% in 2016.
Notable EV components manufacturers include Samsung SDI (South Korea), Automotive Energy
Supply Corporation (Japan), LG Chem. (South Korea), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), and Continental
AG (Germany), etc. 
 THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
Over the last decade, a collection of circumstances has conspired to create an opening for electric mobility
to enter the mass market. Those forces include:
1. Climatic change
2. Advances in renewable energy
3. Rapid urbanization
4. Data capture and analysis
5. Battery chemistry
6. Energy security
All the factors and forces help to fulfil the need of Electric
Vehicle in global market

Reference: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/electric-vehicle-market
Reference: https://techbotinc.com/global-scenario-of-electric-vehicles/
 THE INDIAN CONTEXT
In India, a particular set of circumstances which are
conducive to a sustainable mobility paradigm have
created an opportunity for accelerated adoption of EVs
over ICE vehicles. These are:
1. A relative abundance of exploitable renewable energy
resources.
2. High availability of skilled manpower and technology in
manufacturing and IT software.
3. An infrastructure and consumer transition that affords
opportunities to apply technologies to leapfrog stages of
development.
4. A universal culture that accepts and promotes sharing
of assets and resources for the overall common good.
Based on the last six years of sales data, the vehicles on Indian
roads are estimated to consist of:
1. Two-wheelers: 79% of the total number of vehicles.
2. Three-wheelers (passenger and goods), including tempos:
4% of the total number of vehicles.
3. Buses and large goods vehicles like trucks: 3% of the total
number of vehicles.
4. Economy four-wheelers (cars costing less than ₹1 million):
12% of the total number of vehicles.
5. Premium four-wheelers (cars costing higher than ₹1 million):
2% of the total number of vehicles.
 More charging stations are coming.
Longer range, affordable electric cars are coming that are capable of traveling 200 miles on a
charge.
Auto industry is embracing EVs: Ford is investing $4.5 billion in electric cars, and will be adding
13 electric cars and hybrids by 2020, when more than 40 percent of its lines will be electrified.
The global imperative to cut carbon pollution and oil dependency: A study by NRDC and the
Electric Power Research Institute found that widespread electric vehicle use could cut carbon
pollution by 550 million metric tons annually in 2050, equivalent to the emissions from 100
million passenger cars
*1000
 Chinese Influence:
Currently, the full-fledged manufacturing facility for electric or hybrid electric vehicles is held my Morris
Garages, which is considered to be the baton-bearer of electric and hybrid electric future in India since it is
one of the only few manufacturers to have all supply chains in place.
Considering MG to come up as an EV giant, its rise would indirectly be handing over the control of the Indian
EV market partly to Chinese Vendors.
When the 0history of electric cars is written, the person who’ll stand taller is Wan Gang and not Elon Musk.
Wan’s vision to make China an EV powerhouse revolutionised the global car industry. Reasons:
◦ 1) Tesla - 1,80,000 electric cars whereas China – 1.3mn electric cars
◦ 2)Tesla – 6Bn USD whereas China invested– 60Bn USD
◦ 3) Musk needs longer time, whereas China has already cut its oil consumption by 300,000 barrels
per day
Challenges
1. EV have lower operating and maintenance costs, produce little or no local air pollution,
reduce dependence on petroleum, and also have the potential to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. But, The International Energy Agency has said there will be a net increase in
carbon emissions due to electric vehicles when considering life-cycle emissions.
2. Charging Infrastructure
3. Battery storage capacity
Well to Wheel Analysis
Well-to-Wheel efficiency of a small Indian petrol car 
Petrol has a calorific value of 34.3 MJ/litre.  (34300000 Joules or 9528 Wh or 9.5 kWh)/litre
(as, 1MJ = 277.78Wh)
The fully considered well-to-wheel efficiency of a petrol-powered car is equal to
the energy content of petrol (34.3 MJ/litre) minus the refinement & transportation losses (about
33% in India), multiplied by the km per litre.
So, a regular petrol car giving 15 km/litre has an efficiency of
1/ (34.3 divided by (100% minus 33%)) x 15 km/l = 0.293542 km/MJ or 0.293542 km/277 Wh
In other words, to travel a distance of 1 km, a small petrol car must expend 3.45 MJ or 955
Wh of energy.
Well-to-Wheel efficiency of a small Indian electric car ​
After observing data from users of the Mahindra e2o electric car, we find that on an average, an electric car in
Indian road conditions consumes 90 Wh/km
We know that 1 Wh = 3600 J, so 90 Wh = 324,000 J. And the power plant efficiency, conversion and
transmission losses in electricity in India are 70%.
So, an Indian electric car @ 90 Wh/km has an efficiency of 1/ (3600 divided by (100% minus 70%)) x 10^6 x
(1/90) km/Wh = 0.93 km/MJ.
We then multiply this by the "The full cycle charge and discharge efficiency of the electric car". Let us take this
factor as 80% for the e2o.
Then the final efficiency is 0.93 x 80% = 0.74 km/MJ or 0.74 km/277 Wh
In other words, to travel a distance of 1 km, a small electric car must expend 1.35 MJ or 375 Wh of energy.
Verdict
A small electric car is more than 2.5 times efficient than an equivalent petrol car.
References
https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/EV_report.pdf
https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/electric-cars-101-the-answers-to-all-your-ev-qu
estions/
https://inc42.com/features/electric-vehicles-overview-indiae-evs/
https://www.intelligenttransport.com/transport-articles/73491/india-framework-electric-vehicl
e/
https://www.pluginindia.com/blogs/calculating-well-to-wheel-efficiency-of-electric-vehicles
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/how-can-india-transition-to-electric-vehicles-here
s-a-roadmap/
https://interestingengineering.com/6-interesting-statistics-about-electric-vehicles
https://www.ft.com/content/455fe41c-7185-11e9-bf5c-6eeb837566c5
THANK YOU