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  • Enzymes: Mrs Neha Srivastava Faculty of Pharmacy Punjab College of Technical Education Ludhiana

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    Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. They are typically proteins that lower the activation energy of reactions by binding to specific substrates. Enzymes can be classified based on the type of chemical reaction they catalyze, such as hydrolases which catalyze hydrolysis reactions. Their activity is affected by factors like substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature. Enzyme activity can also be inhibited through competitive or non-competitive inhibition when inhibitors bind to the active site.

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    Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. They are typically proteins that lower the activation energy of reactions by binding to specific substrates. Enzymes can be classified based on the type of chemical reaction they catalyze, such as hydrolases which catalyze hydrolysis reactions. Their activity is affected by factors like substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature. Enzyme activity can also be inhibited through competitive or non-competitive inhibition when inhibitors bind to the active site.

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    29 views22 pages

    Enzymes: Mrs Neha Srivastava Faculty of Pharmacy Punjab College of Technical Education Ludhiana

    Uploaded by

    neha
    Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. They are typically proteins that lower the activation energy of reactions by binding to specific substrates. Enzymes can be classified based on the type of chemical reaction they catalyze, such as hydrolases which catalyze hydrolysis reactions. Their activity is affected by factors like substrate and enzyme concentration, pH, and temperature. Enzyme activity can also be inhibited through competitive or non-competitive inhibition when inhibitors bind to the active site.

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    of 22

    Enzymes

    Mrs Neha Srivastava


    Faculty of Pharmacy
    Punjab College of Technical Education
    Ludhiana.
    Enzymes are biological
    catalysts

    They speed up the rate of


    biological reactions
    Introduction
     Catalyst
     Biocatalyst
     Two types
    Characteristics
    Proteins in nature
    Enzyme consist of-

    Enzymes + Co-Enzymes = Haloenzymes

    Cofactors
    Characteristics
     Proteins with large mol wt

    Substrate + Enzymes = Product + Enzyme


    Nomenclature of enzymes

     Pepsin, renin

     Succinate dehydrogenase

     Numerical Coding E.C.1.1.1.1


    Mechanism of action
    Classes of Enzymes
    Class Chemical Reaction Catalyzed Sample Enzymes

    Oxidoreductase Oxidation-reduction in which Cytochrome oxidase, lactate


    oxygen and hydrogen are gained dehydrogenase
    or lost
    Transferase Transfer of functional groups, Acetate kinase, alanine
    such as an amino group, acetyl deaminase
    group, or phosphate group

    Hydrolase Hydrolysis (addition of water) Lipase, sucrase


    Lyase Removal of groups of atoms Oxalate decarboxylase,
    without hydrolysis isocitrate lyase
    Isomerase Rearrangement of atoms within a Glucose-phosphate isomerase,
    molecule alanine racemase
    Ligase Joining of two molecules (using Acetyl-CoA synthetase, DNA
    energy usually derived from the ligase
    breakdown of ATP)
    Mechanism of action
    • High chemical affinity to site

    • Substrate undergoes changes

    • Product with altered site is formed

    • Enzyme get released

    • Activation energy for reaction is reduced


    Mechanism of action
    • Lock and key hypothesis
    Mechanism of action
    • Induced model
    Condition Affecting Enzyme Activity
     Concentration of enzymes
    Condition Affecting Enzyme Activity
     Concentration of enzymes
    Condition Affecting Enzyme Activity
     Concentration of enzymes
    Inhibition of enzyme action
     Chemical reaction

     Non reversible

     Reversible

     Competitive and non Competitive


    Inhibition of enzyme action
     Chemical reaction

     Non reversible

     Reversible

     Competitive and non Competitive


    Inhibition of enzyme action

     Competitive Inhibition
    Inhibition of enzyme action

     Competitive Inhibition
    Inhibition of enzyme action

     Competitive Inhibition
    Inhibition of enzyme action

     Competitive Inhibition
    enzyme preparation
     Growing Culture Technique

     Resting Cell Technique

     Cell free Enzyme Technique


    Regulation of Enzymes

    Energy Link control

    Feedback Inhibition

    Precurssor Activation

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