Welcome To The Students: Presented by

WELCOME TO THE STUDENTS
7th Semester (Mining)

Bogura Polytechnic Institute, Bogura.
Presented By
Md. Majedur Rahman
B. Sc (Hon’s), M. Sc in Geology & Mining, RU
Instructor (Tech)
Mining and Mine Survey Technology
Bogura Polytechnic Institute, BOGURA.
5/29/20 Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail: majedu1r_ru6871@yahoo.com 1
Petroleum Well Design & Completion
Course Code No. 69372
Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

5/29/20 2
majedu1r_ru6871@yahoo.com
Chapter-08
Understand the Coring
8.1 Define coring.
8.2 Describe coring methods.
8.3 Define conventional and wire-line coring.
8.4 State coring tools.
8.5 Sketch coring bits.
8.6 Describe core bit stabilization.
8.7 Describe preservation process of core sample.

5/29/20 3
8.1 Define coring.
Cores which extract from the formation /reservoir using special coring
tools. once the cores is cut, they are captured and retrieved to the surface
for analysis of different physical parameters.
Oil well coring is a procedure that is meant to remove a small amount of
rock sample from within the oil well. This entails using a core bit to drill
and remove a cylindrical sample of the rock. The core bit is used with a
core barrel and core catcher to drill out a sample that is then brought up to
the surface with the core barrel. The core bit has a hole in its center so
when the coring procedure is undertaken it produces a small piece of rock.

5/29/20 4
Core sample
A core sample is a cylindrical section of (usually) a naturally occurring substance.
Most core samples are obtained by drilling with special drills into the substance,
for example sediment or rock, with a hollow steel tube called a core drill. The hole
made for the core sample is called the "core bowling". A variety of core samplers
exist to sample different media under different conditions. More continue to be
invented on a regular basis. In the coring process, the sample is pushed more or
less intact into the tube. Removed from the tube in the laboratory, it is inspected
and analyzed by different techniques and equipment depending on the type of
data desired.
Core sample are two type:

1. Disturb sample
2. Undisturbed sample
5/29/20 5
Purposes of Coring
The purpose of getting cores is to obtained rock samples of sufficient
size for :
1. making reservoir analysis test to determined porosity,
permeability ,residual oil and water saturation (primary purpose of
coring).
2. To establish the physical character of formation boundry
3. To furnish paleontological data for age and facies correlation
4. To determined the structural attitude of the beds

5/29/20 6
Difference between Conventional coring and Side
wall coring
• Conventional coring:
1. Conventional coring provides large samples
2. It is more better and more consistent representation of formation..
3. It is better for heterogeneous rocks or for more complex lithology's
• Side Wall Core :

1. Side wall coring provides smaller samples
2. It is less representative of heterogeneous formation.
3. Within 1 to 2 percent of whole cores for medium to high porosity formation

5/29/20 7
8.2 Describe coring methods.
The coring procedure should follow a systematic approach. In lacustrine settings, the
water depth should be measured using an echo-sounding device or weighted rope
measure. In settings with a particularly diffuse sediment water interface, the true water
depth can be difficult to judge. When coring, a duel or triplicate core approach should
be used to cover boundaries between core sections. Care should be taken to accurately
record the penetration depth which should be compared against the depth of material
sampled to identify any compression/ loss of material. The location of boreholes should
be measured with GPS and levelled according to a known datum if necessary.
Because the rock is so tough, the core bit, or drag bit in some cases, uses a a PDC or
natural diamond cutting device to cut with. When the cylindrical sample is cut out, it
needs to be safely removed from the well. The core catcher device grips the bottom of
the rock core. Tension is then applied to the drill-string, and this causes the rock core
sample to break away from the rock beneath it. By holding the core sample, the core
catcher serves to prevent it from falling away and being lost.

5/29/20 8
Core analysis has become a long way from the days when reservoir
productivity was determined by blowing through a piece of cable tool
produced core. Our tools and methods for drilling and core analysis have
changed but our interest is not. The reservoir rock properties that
determine hydrocarbon production, the variation in this properties and
how these properties effect ultimate recovery are still of primary concern.
Properly engineered core analysis provides a direct measurement of these
reservoir rock properties and is an essential step in formation evaluation,
reservoir and production engineering. Fundamental core analysis
measurements are unchanged but advances provide the ability to test at
reservoir conditions and to acquire simultaneous measurements of
reservoir related properties.

5/29/20 9
Normally the most important information desired from the coring operation concerns:
• Porosity, which is a measure of the fluid-carrying capacity of the formation.
• Permeability, which indicates whether the formation fluids will be able to flow at
rates fast enough to permit economical production of the hydrocarbon fluids
• Water saturation
• Hydrocarbon saturations, including the relative percentages of oil and gas.
Rotary coring
Rotary coring equipment has continued to keep abreast of technological
developments in the drilling industry. At the present time there are basically three
types of rotary coring equipment:
1) Conventional coring
2) Wire-line retrievable coring
3) Diamond coring

5/29/20 10
Conventional Coring
Conventional coring is a continued development of the original rotary coring methods.
Special equipment required in conventional coring includes a core bit, which is located on
the extreme lower end of the drill stem, and a core barrel, for retaining the core after it
has been cut, which is located immediately above the core bit.
Wire-line Coring
In order to overcome the previously cited disadvantages of conventional core drilling,
methods have been developed for obtaining a core, bringing the core to the surface and
proceeding with normal drilling operations ,all without removing the drilling tools from
the hole. This is accomplished by inserting the proper equipment in the lower part of the
drill stem by means of a wire line which can be run inside the drill pipe. This wire-line
coring decreased the cost of obtaining cores and thus many more cores may be obtained
than would otherwise be possible. As the average depth of wells continues to increase,
the time and money saved by not having to remove the drill pipe in order to obtain a core
is substantial. The only special equipment required on the lower end of the drill stem is a
core bit. To obtain a core after the core bit is in place, the core-barrel assembly is forced
down the inside of the drill pipe using drilling mud pressure.
5/29/20 11
Diamond Core Drilling
In order to increase both core recovery and penetration rate, use has been made
of a diamond-faced coring bit. Diamond bits may be used to advantage in coring
hard, dense formations where the cost of the coring with roller cutter bits is high.
Although the cost of a diamond core bit may be as much as fifteen to twenty times
the cost of a conventional core bit, the reduction in the number of round trips and
the increased penetration rate in many cases make the diamond bit more
economical.
Side-wall Coring
Side-wall coring is a supplementary coring tool. It can be used in zones where core
recovery by conventional or wire-line methods is, or in zones where the latter
cores were not obtained as drilling processed. Side-wall cores can be obtained at
any time after the formation from which a core is desired has been penetrated.

5/29/20 12
8.3 Define conventional and wire-line coring.
Conventional Coring
Conventional coring is a method of drilling and acquiring rock samples. To retrieve the
core samples, the complete rod string and core barrel assembly has to be removed from
the hole.
Wire-line Coring
Wireline Coring. Coring is to obtain samples of different rock types. Coring is the
technique most often used for geological fieldwork. The assembly used for a core
drilling crown consists of a sleeve reamer

5/29/20 13
8.4 State coring tools.
• A core drilling tool for drilling rock in underground soil formations which includes an outside
pipe and an inside pipe therein that can be conveyed separately to the surface. The inside
pipe includes a core-receiving receptacle at its lower end, and at its upper end is provided
with a measurement unit for on-site acquisition, processing and storage of data, such as
borehole, core and/or drilling process parameters.
• A way of measuring well conditions downhole by studying samples of reservoir rocks, core
analysis gives the most accurate insight into the porosity and permeability, among other
characteristics, of the well.
• A core is a sample of rock in the shape of a cylinder. Taken from the side of a drilled oil or gas
well, a core is then dissected into multiple core plugs, or small cylindrical samples measuring
about 1 inch in diameter and 3 inches long. These core plugs are then dried and measured.
• In order to complete a core sample, drilling must be halted at the top of the subsurface of
the reservoir. The drillstring is removed from the wellbore, the drillbit removed and a rotary
coring bit is attached in its place. Similar to a drillbit, the rotary coring bit consists of solid
metal with diamonds or tungsten for cutting at the reservoir rock; but unlike a drillbit, a
rotary coring bit has a hollow center.

5/29/20 14
5/29/20 15
8.5 Sketch coring bits.
Fig. Conventional core barrelPrepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

5/29/20
majedu1r_ru6871@yahoo.com Fig. Diamond core barrel 16
Fig. Core Barrel Detail
Fig. Wireline core barrel

5/29/20 17
8.6 Describe core bit stabilization.
A major factor in drill bit selection is the type of formation to be drilled.
The effectiveness of a drill bit varies by formation type.
There are three types of formations: soft, medium and hard.
A soft formation includes unconsolidated sands, clays, soft limestone's,
red beds and shale.
Medium formations include dolomites, limestone's, and hard shale.
Hard formations include hard shale, calcites, mudstones, cherty lime
stones and hard and abrasive formations.
When we collection the core sample we need bit stabilization. Bit
stabilization depends upon the factors.

5/29/20 18
8.7 Describe preservation process of core sample.
Core Handling Process
• Prepare adequate number of boxes, have rags.
• Set up “rig floor” boxes to receive core.
• Supervise core layout to ensure correct orientation and order.
• Wipe core clean with clean dry rags.
• Fit core. Space rubble between ends of core. Put rubble in sample bag and
mark depths.
• Strap core, uncovered interval understood to be at bottom unless known
otherwise.
• Mark core with reference lines and depths, using marker pens.
• Describe the core and shows.
• Box core and mark boxes.

5/29/20 19
The Importance of Coring
Coring provides the only valid representation of the formation. It’s the
only means of direct measurement. All other methods such as well logs
require interpretation. While conventional well logs play an important
part in reservoir identification, only coring can ensure reliable
correlation of those logs to the actual subsurface conditions. And for
the most advanced analysis, only core samples can yield critical data
such as porosities, permeability's, and saturations.

5/29/20 20
Any Questions

5/29/20 21
THANKS TO
ALL
5/29/20 22

Welcome To The Students: Presented by

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Welcome To The Students: Presented by

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Welcome To The Students: Presented by

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WELCOME TO THE STUDENTS

7th Semester (Mining)

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Core sample are two type:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

• Side Wall Core :

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Fig. Conventional core barrelPrepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Fig. Wireline core barrel

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

Prepared by Md. Majedur Rahman, E-mail:

You might also like