UNIT 4

GRAPHS OF
POLYNOMIALS

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Equation in the form: y  ( x  a)  b
n

n is even
y
y x 6

y  x 4

y  x 2

x
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 y
n is odd
y x 5

y   xn y  x3

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 Example 1: Sketch y  ( x  2) 4
 3
1. Shape y x 4

2. Turning point/vertex
13
(2,  3)

3. y-intercept (:x  0)
2 x
y  13
3
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 Example 2: Sketch y  ( x  1) y 3
3

1. Shape
3
x
1 x
2. Inflection point/vertex
(1,  3) 3

4
3. y-intercept (: x  0)

y  4
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Example 3: Sketch y   2( x  1)  1
5

1. Shape

x 5

x
2. Inflection point/vertex 1
(1,  1) 1

3. y-intercept (: x  0)

y  3 3

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 UNIT 5

GRAPHS OF
FACTORIZED
POLYNOMIALS
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 Graphs of Factorized Polynomials
Sketch the graph of the function showing all intercepts
Eg. 1 f ( x )   x  2   x  1  x  3

Step1 Find the x - intercepts

x  2   x  1  x  3  0
x  2 x  1 x   3
Step2 Find the y - intercept
y   0  2   0  1  0  3
   2   1   3  6
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 Step3 Find the sign of the highest power of x

x n

x n

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 f ( x)   x  2   x  1  x  3

y  x.x.x  x 3

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 y

f ( x)   x  2  x  1  x  3

  0
 x
3 2 1 1 2

2

4

6 

11
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 1
  x  1  x  2   3  x 
Eg. 2 2 3
f ( x)
6
x-intercept (roots)

Single root: Factor has power of one

3 x  0
 
x  3 3 3

Graph passes through the root like a straight line

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Double root:
Factor has power of two ( four, six, …)

Graph turns around at the root

x  1
2
 0
 
x  1  0 1 1

x  1

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Triple root:
Factor has power of three ( five, seven, …)

Graph curves like a cubic function at the root

x  2
3
 0
 
x  2  0 2 2

x  2

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y -intercept :
1
  0  1  0  2   3  0 
2 3
y
6
1
   1  2   3
2 3

6
 4
sign of the highest power of x

  x  x  x
2 3
y
 x 6

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Eg. 2: Sketch the graph of the function showing all
intercepts
 x  x  2  x  2 x  1
2 3
f ( x)

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