The document discusses communication and provides information on:
- The definition of communication as the exchange of information through speaking, writing or other mediums.
- Effective communication requires the receiver to understand the exact message or idea being transmitted.
- Models of communication help visualize the communication process and key elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback.
- Principles of clear, concise, concrete, correct, considerate, complete and courteous communication can improve understanding between parties.
- Barriers to communication can interfere with the sender's intended message being properly received and understood.
The document discusses communication and provides information on:
- The definition of communication as the exchange of information through speaking, writing or other mediums.
- Effective communication requires the receiver to understand the exact message or idea being transmitted.
- Models of communication help visualize the communication process and key elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback.
- Principles of clear, concise, concrete, correct, considerate, complete and courteous communication can improve understanding between parties.
- Barriers to communication can interfere with the sender's intended message being properly received and understood.
The document discusses communication and provides information on:
- The definition of communication as the exchange of information through speaking, writing or other mediums.
- Effective communication requires the receiver to understand the exact message or idea being transmitted.
- Models of communication help visualize the communication process and key elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback.
- Principles of clear, concise, concrete, correct, considerate, complete and courteous communication can improve understanding between parties.
- Barriers to communication can interfere with the sender's intended message being properly received and understood.
-Communication refers to the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. -means of sending or receiving information, such as telephone lines or computers. •- Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receiver
•-Effective communication occurs only if the
receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. The Purposes of Communication • To inquire: This involves obtaining information in various ways, for instance, by asking questions or through formulating questionnaires.
• To inform: This entails the dissemination of
information using different channels of communication.
• To persuade : This aims to influence people and
bring them round to your way of thinking
• To develop goodwill: This involves maintaining
and forming cordial and harmonious relationships with people you are • Importance of Communication The Communication Process
•Communicating with others involves
steps: •-Sender/encoder •-Message •-Medium •-Recipient/decoder •-Feedback •-Context • During the transmitting of the message, two elements will be received: content and context. • Content is the actual words or symbols of the message that is known as language — the spoken and written words combined into phrases that make grammatical and semantic sense. • We all use and interpret the meanings of words differently, so even simple messages can be misunderstood. And many words have different meanings to confuse the issue even more. Feedback • When you know something, say what you know. • When you don't know something, say that you don't know. That is knowledge. • The purpose of feedback is to alter messages so the intention of the original communicator is understood by the second communicator. • It includes verbal and nonverbal responses to another person's message. To deliver the full impact of a message, use nonverbal behaviors to raise the channel of interpersonal communication:
•Eye contact: This helps to regulate the flow of communication. It signals interest in others and increases the speaker's credibility. People who make eye contact open the flow of communication and convey interest, concern, warmth, and credibility. •Facial Expressions: Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits happiness, •So, if you smile frequently you will be perceived as more likable, friendly, warm and approachable. Smiling is often contagious and people will react favorably. They will be more comfortable around you and will want to listen more. •Gestures: If you fail to gesture while speaking you may be perceived as boring and stiff. A lively speaking style captures the listener's attention, makes the conversation more interesting, and facilitates understanding. •Posture and body orientation: You communicate numerous messages by the w you talk and move. Standing erect and leaning forward communicates to listeners that you are approachable, receptive and friendly. Interpersonal closeness results whe you and the listener face each other. Speaki with your back turned or looking at the floo or ceiling should be avoided as it communicates disinterest. • Proximity: Cultural norms dictate a comfortable distance for interaction with others. You should look for signals of discomfort caused by invading the other person's space. Some of these are: rocking, leg swinging, tapping, and gaze aversion. • Vocal: Speaking can signal nonverbal communication when you include such vocal elements as: tone, pitch, rhythm, timbre, loudness, and inflection. For maximum teaching effectiveness, learn to vary these six elements of your voice. One of the major criticisms of many speakers is that they speak in a monotone voice. Listeners perceive this type of speaker as boring and dull. Speaking Hints
•Speak comfortable words
•When speaking or trying to explain something, ask the listeners if they are following you. •Ensure the receiver has a chance to comment or ask questions. •Try to put yourself in the other person's shoes — consider the feelings of the receiver. •Be clear about what you say. •Look at the receiver. •Make sure your words match your tone and body language (nonverbal behaviors) •Vary your tone and pace. •Do not be vague, but on the other hand, do not complicate what you are saying with too much detail. •Do not ignore signs of confusion. The nature of communication:
•-Communication is social sharing of
experiences through message. •- Communication can be pervaded in every area of human existence • Communication represents the important role inside personal existence, family member’s existence, cultural existence, company existence and many others. The nature of communication is discussed below: • Communication is related to human activity: • Communication involves two or more parties • Communication could be one-way or maybe two-way process • Success of communication depends on a proper understanding of the parties involved • Conversation in organization flows in a variety of styles Problems of Communication according to Peters:
• Communication is ill informed,
undifferentiated (is a trouble having parts that you cannot distinguish between) •Communication is a trouble we are stuck with •Communication suffers from the misfortune of conceptual confusion •Communication is characterized by the failure to communicate Two school of thought about communication:
• The first sees communication as the transmission of
message. It is related with the matters of efficiency and accuracy • The second school of thought as the production and exchange of message. It is related with the text which is associated with culture Models of communication
• Models of communication help to visualize
the process of communication • Harold Lasswell’s Model: Who said, • What said, • In what channel, • To whom, and • with what effect Principles of Communication
According to the 7 Cs, communication needs to be:
• Clarity. • Conciseness. • Concreteness. • Correctness. • Consideration. • Completeness. • Courtesy. Clarity means getting your message across so the receiver will understand what you are trying to convey. You want that person to interpret your words with the same meaning you have in mind. Accomplishing that goal is difficult because, as you know, individual experiences are never identical, and words have different meanings to different persons. Here are some specific ways to help make your messages clear:
• Choose short, familiar, conversational words.
• Construct effective sentences and paragraphs. • Achieve appropriate readability (and listenability). • Include examples, illustrations, and other visual aids, when desirable. Principle of Concreteness: Concreteness means being specific, definite and vivid rather than vague and general. The message must be concrete or exact so that the receiver can read it easily or hear clearly. Anything interfering the information should be avoided. There might be fairness, openness and straightness in communication the message with the intended parties. The following guidelines can help writing concrete message:
• Use specific facts and figures
• Use action or active verb • Select vivid, lively and handsome words • Tell exactly what you want to tell • Avoid irrelevant information • Principle of Correctness: The fact of the message might be in correct language. Any incorrect message may lead the receiver misinterpret the message. Before transmitting any message, the transmitter might be sure that it contains correct facts, it is transmitted at the correct time and it is of correct style. Any mistake in the subject matter of Business Communication not only creates confusion in the mind of the receiver but also in signifies the objectives of Business Communication. In fact, you should not send any message unless you are absolutely sure of its correctness and if you are not sure about it, you should verify it immediately. For correctness, keep the following suggestions in mind: • Check your message or writing from grammatical and linguistic viewpoints • Use none discriminatory words like chair person, police officer, sales person, camera operator instead of sexist words • Check accuracy of figures, facts and words • Send your message at the correct time • Send your message in the correct style. • Principle of Consideration: Consideration means preparing every message keeping the receiver in mind. While encoding the message the sender should try to put himself in the place of the receiver. The desires, problems, emotions, feelings and possible reactions of the receiver should be considered duly. Give the receivers situations highest priority while drafting message. Follow the rules mentioned below to ensure consideration to your audience: • Use “You view point” instead of “I” or “We of point” • Avoid insensitive you like, you have failed to • Show reader benefit or interest • Emphasize on positive, pleasant facts • Write only what you honestly feel to be correct • Courtesy Courteous messages help to strengthen present business friendships, as well as make new friends. Courtesy stems from sincere you-attitude. It is not merely politeness with mechanical insertions of "please's" and "thank-you's." To be courteous, considerate communicators should follow these suggestions regarding tone of the communications. • Be sincerely tactful, thoughtful, and appreciative. • Omit expressions that irritate, hurt, or belittle. • Grant and apologize good-naturedly. Barriers of Communication Barriers of Communication Barriers
•Barriers to effective communication can
check or distort the message and intention of the message being conveyed which may result in failure of the communication process or an effect that is undesirable. •These include filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotions, language, silence, communication apprehension, gender differences and political correctness. Categorizing communication: Fields , Traditions and Levels Intra-personal communication Inter-personal communicational communication Group communication Organizational communication i) Internal communication ii) External communication Public communication Intercultural communication Mass and social media communication •Context: Non-mediated Mediated Mode: Non-Verbal communication • Verbal Audience: Community communication Consumer communication family communication pro-poor communication public communication •Youth communication Specialty Areas: •Development communication •Business communication •Health communication •International communication •Management communication •Popular communication •Professional communication •Science communication •Technical communication
Communication Skills: Learn How to Talk to Anyone, Read People Like a Book, Develop Charisma and Persuasion, Overcome Anxiety, Become a People Person, and Achieve Relationship Success.