Coronavirus

COVID-19 Disease
What is SARS-CoV-2?
What is COVID-19?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

(SARS-CoV-2) is the name given to the 2019 novel
coronavirus. COVID-19 is the name given to the
disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is a
new strain of coronavirus that has not been
previously identified in humans.
What is SARS-CoV-2?
What is COVID-19?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

(SARS-CoV-2) is the name given to the 2019 novel
coronavirus. COVID-19 is the name given to the
disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is a
new strain of coronavirus that has not been
previously identified in humans.
What is the mode The virus seems to be transmitted mainly via small respiratory
droplets through sneezing, coughing, or when people interact
of transmission? with each other for some time in close proximity (usually less
than one metre). These droplets can then be inhaled, or they can
How (easily) does land on surfaces that others may come into contact with, who can
then get infected when they touch their nose, mouth or eyes. The
it spread? virus can survive on different surfaces from several hours
(copper, cardboard) up to a few days (plastic and stainless steel).

The incubation period for COVID-19 (i.e. the time between

exposure to the virus and onset of symptoms) is currently
estimated to be between one and 14 days.
 Preliminary data from the EU/EEA (from the
How severe is COVID- countries with available data) show that around 20-
30% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases are hospitalised
19 infection? and 4% have severe illness. Hospitalisation rates are
higher for those aged 60 years and above, and for
those with other underlying health conditions.
What are the Symptoms of COVID-19 vary in severity from having no
symptoms at all (being asymptomatic) to having fever, cough,
symptoms of sore throat, general weakness and fatigue and muscular pain and
in the most severe cases, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory
COVID-19 distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, all potentially leading
to death. Reports show that clinical deterioration can occur
infection? rapidly, often during the second week of disease.

Recently, anosmia have been reported as a symptom of a COVID-

19 infection. There is already evidence from South Korea, China
and Italy that patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection
have developed anosmia/hyposmia, in some cases in the absence
of any other symptoms.
Are some people more at Elderly people above 70 years of age and those
with underlying health conditions (e.g.
risk than others? hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease,
chronic respiratory disease and cancer) are
considered to be more at risk of developing
severe symptoms. Men in these groups also
appear to be at a slightly higher risk than
females.
What is the While animals are believed to be the original source, the virus
spread is now from person to person (human-to-human
mode of transmission).
transmission? The virus seems to be transmitted mainly via small respiratory
How (easily) droplets through sneezing, coughing, or when people interact with
each other for some time in close proximity (usually less than one
does it metre). These droplets can then be inhaled, or they can land on
surfaces that others may come into contact with, who can then get
spread? infected when they touch their nose, mouth or eyes. The virus can
survive on different surfaces from several hours (copper, cardboard)
up to a few days (plastic and stainless steel). However, the amount
of viable virus declines over time and may not always be present in
sufficient numbers to cause infection.
When is a The infectious period may begin one to two
days before symptoms appear, but people are
person likely most infectious during the symptomatic
period, even if symptoms are mild and very
infectious? non-specific. The infectious period is now
estimated to last for 7-12 days in moderate
cases and up to two weeks on average in
severe cases.
How can I avoid The virus enters your body via your eyes, nose and/or mouth, so
it is important to avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
getting infected? Washing of hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or
cleaning hands thoroughly with alcohol-based solutions, gels or
tissues is recommended in all settings. It is also recommended to
stay one metre or more away from people infected with COVID-
19 who are showing symptoms, to reduce the risk of infection
through respiratory droplets.
How can I ● Cough or sneeze into your elbow or use a tissue. If you use a
tissue, dispose of it carefully after a single use
avoid ● Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
infecting ● Stay one metre or more away from people to reduce the risk
of spreading the virus through respiratory droplets.
others? If you feel unwell, stay at home. If you develop any symptoms
suggestive of COVID-19, you should immediately call your
healthcare provider for advice.
Diagnosis

The WHO has published several testing protocols for the disease.
The standard method of testing is
real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-
PCR). The test is typically done on respiratory samples obtained by
a nasopharyngeal swab; however, a nasal swab or sputum sample
may also be used.
Results are generally available within a few hours to two days.
Blood tests can be used, but these require two blood samples taken
two weeks apart, and the results have little immediate value.
Management:

People are managed with supportive care, which may include fluid therapy,
oxygen support, and supporting other affected vital organs,
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to address the issue of
respiratory failure, but its benefits are still under consideration.

Medications:
Per the World Health Organization, as of April 2020, there is no specific treatment for COVID‑19, On May 1,
2020, the United States gave Emergency Use Authorization (not full approval) for remdesivir in people
hospitalized with severe COVID-19 after a study suggested it reduced the duration of recovery, Researchers
continue working on more effective treatments and many vaccine candidates are in development or testing
phases.
Covid-19 in Somalia
Disease:
Disease:Covid-19
Covid-19

Virus
Virusstrain:
strain:SARS
SARSCoV-2
CoV-2

Location:
Location:Somalia
Somalia

Arrival
Arrivaldate:
date:16/03.2020
16/03.2020

Confirmed
Confirmedcases:
cases:722
722(as
(as3rd
3rdofofmarch)
march)

Recovered:
Recovered:44
44

Death:
Death:32
32