FPH 101

S.Y. 2019-2020
Davila Perona Pineda
 Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner should
be able to:
1. Describe the following Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCDs): Diabetes Mellitus (DM) &
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in terms of:
1.1. Causes & risk factors
1.2. Signs & Symptoms
1.3. Prevention & Control
1.4 Detection
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a
group of disorders of the heart and blood
vessels and they include:
 Also known as high or raised blood pressure
 Is a condition in which blood vessels have persistently
raised pressure (arterial pressure elevation).
 sustained systolic BP of 140 mmHg or more &
sustained DBP of 90 mmHg or more based on
measurements done during at least 2 visits taken at
least 1 week apart
BLOOD PRESSURE
 Is the pressure, measured in
millimeters of mercury within the
major arterial system of the body.
 Separated into:
1. Systolic
maximum blood pressure
during the contraction of the
ventricles.
2. Diastolic
Is the minimum pressure recorded
just prior to the next contraction.
 Classifications:
Classifications:

1. Primary/ Essential/Idiopathic
 has no clear cause and is thought to be linked
to genetics, poor diet, lack of exercise and
obesity
2. Secondary
 is caused by another medical condition
a. Family Hx
b. Age
c. High Salt Intake
d. Obesity
e. Excessive Alcohol Intake
■ Encourage proper nutrition
■ Prevent becoming overweight or obese
■ Smoking cessation
■ Identify people with risk factors &
encourage regular check-ups for possible
HPN & modification of risk factors
 a heart disease
 caused by impaired
coronary blood flow

 Also known as
Coronary Heart
Disease or Ischemic
Heart Disease
Atherosclerosis
Is a disease in which
plaque builds up inside
your arteries.
Over time, plaque
hardens and narrows
your arteries.

Stenosis
is an abnormal
narrowing in a blood vessel.
Myocardial
Ischemia 
is an intermedia
te condition
during which
the heart tissue
is slowly or
suddenly
deprived of
oxygen & other
nutrients. 
Myocardial
Infarction
commonly known as a
heart attack, results
from the interruption of
blood supply to a part
of the heart, causing
heart cells to die.
 Signs &
Symptom
s
 Signs &
Symptoms
■ Modifiable
■ Non-modifiable
■ Elevated blood lipids/cholesterol
■ HPN
■ Smoking
■ DM
■ Obesity
■ Physical inactivity/sedentary lifestyle
■ Stress
■ Heredity/family hx
■ Gender
■ Increasing age
■ Promote regular physical activity & exercise
■ Encourage proper nutrition
■ Maintain body weight & prevent obesity
■ Smoking cessation: active & passive smoking
■ Early dx, prompt tx & control of diabetes &
HPN
 (CVA)

■ It is also known as Cerebrovascular

Accident or CVA
■ Loss or alteration of bodily function that
results from an insufficient supply of
blood to some parts of the brain

■ one of the leading causes of disability

 (CVA)

1. ISCHEMIC STROKE
A. Thrombotic stroke
B. Embolic stroke

2. HEMORRHAGIC STROKE
THROMBOTIC STROKE

This type of stroke occurs when a thrombus

or clot forms inside one of the brain’s arteries
atherosclerotic plaques
 THROMBOTIC
STROKE

Blockage of brain blood vessel is

due to underlying narrowing from
fatty plaque formation
 EMBOLIC
STROKE

In Embolic stroke, blood is restricted from flowing to

the brain when a blood clot, piece of plaque, or
another object forms in a different part of the body
and travels to the brain’s blood vessels.
■ Increasing age
■ Sex
■ Heredity & race
■ HPN
■ Smoking
■ DM
■ Heart Disease
■ Tx & control of HPN
■ Smoking cessation, smoke free environment
■ Prevent thrombus formation in RHD &
arrhythmias with appropriate medications
■ Limit alcohol consumption
■ Avoid IV drug abuse & cocaine
■ Prevent all other risk factors of atherosclerosis
 ■ CLASSIFICATION OF BP (Joint
National Convention 7 Report)

Category SBP mmHg DBP mmHg

Normal <120 and <80
Prehypertension 120-139 or 80-89
HPN, stage 1 140-159 or 90-99
HPN, stage 2 >160 or >100
■ Prior to testing,
fasting at least
■ 8 hours
■ Drinking water is
acceptable
Cholesterol InterpretationFrequency of
level Tests
<200 mg/100ml normal Repeat every 5
years
200- Elevated Repeat tests,
239mg/100ml (maybe at risk) take ave. of
both tests
240mg/100ml & Elevated (at Further tests
above risk) (lipid profile &
tx)