KERJA SOSIAL DAN

PERKHIDMATAN MANUSIA
(FEM3343)
KEDUA 2017/2018

Kuliah M2
PENGENALAN DAN DEFINISI

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 Definisi Kerja sosial
1) NASW (National Association 1) NASW (National
of Social Work) - 1973 Association of Social Work) -
Kerja sosial merupakan aktiviti 1973
profesional untuk menolong Social work is a professional
individu, kumpulan atau
activity to help individuals,
komuniti bagi meningkatkan
groups or communities to
atau memulihkan keupayaam
mereka bagi mencapai enhance or restore their
kefungsian sosial dan seterusnya ability to achieve social
membentuk “societal” yang baik functionality and thus form a
bagi mencapai matlamat good societal to achieve
masing-masing. their goals.

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 Definisi Kerja sosial
2) Boehm (1959) – Council on
Social Work Education
Kerja sosial bertujuan
meningkatkan kefungsian
sosial individu samada
berseorangan atau
berkumpulan melalui aktiviti
yang memfokus kepada
perhubungan sosial mereka
(interaksi individu dengan
individu lain dan juga
persekitaran)
2) Boehm (1959) – Council on
Social Work Education
The aims of social work is to
enhance individual social
functions whether alone or in
groups through activities that
focus on their social
relationships (individual
interactions with other
individuals as well as the
environment)
 Definisi Kerja sosial

Payne (1997)
Social work is socially constructed through
interaction with clients, because they
themselves become defined as clients by
social processes, through its formation as
an occupation among a network of related
occupations, and through the social forces
which define it through its organizational,
agency and social context
 Definisi Kerja sosial
Berdasarkan fungsi kerja
sosial
 Kerja sosial bertujuan untuk
meningkatkan kefungsian
sosial individu samada
secara berseorangan atau
berkumpulan.
 Melalui aktiviti yang
menfokus kepada
perhubungan sosial
(interaksi antara manusia
dengan persekitaran)
Based on social work
function
 Social work is intend to
enhance individual social
functionality either alone
or in a group.
 Through activities that
focus on social
relationships (interactions
between humans and the
environment)
 3 Fungsi Utama

 Memulihkan  Restoration of
kelemahan impaired capacity
 Menyediakan  Provision of
sumber individu individual and
dan sosial social resources
 Mencegah  Prevention of
berlakunya social
disfungsi sosial dysfunction
 “Restoration of impaired capacity”
1) Curative (Pengubatan)
Mengurangkan faktor yang
menyebabkan
ketidakfungsian berlaku,
contoh:-
•Memberi alat pendengaran
pada kanak-kanak cacat
pendengaran
•Menempatkan kanak-kanak
yang yatim atau tersisih dari
keluarga ke rumah anak-
anak yatim
1) Curative
Reducing the factors that
cause dysfunction,
example: -
 Provides hearing aids
in hearing impaired
children
 Placing orphan or
children who separated
from their family to
orphanage homes
 “Restoration of impaired capacity”
2) Rehabilitative (Pemulihan)
Menyusun dan membina
semula corak interaksi
individu,
Contoh:-
• Menolong seorang kanak-kanak
supaya “psychologically
accepted’” dengan alat
pendengaran yang diberi
• Menolong kanak-kanak yang
ditempatkan di rumah kanak-
kanak untuk menerima suasana
dan keadaan baru di situ
2) Rehabilitative
Organizing and improve
individual interaction
patterns,
Examples: -
 Help a child to be
psychologically accepted with
the hearing aid given
 Help the children to receive
new atmosphere and
conditions in new family in
orphanage home
 ”Provision of individual and social
resources”
1) Developmental
(pembangunan)
Penggunaan sepenuhnya sumber
sosial sedia ada untuk mewujudkan
sosial interaksi yang lebih efektif,
contoh:-
 Proses menolong melalui
kaunseling, secara individu
atau kumpulan
 Pasangan suami isteri yang
bermasalah – menyediakan
saluran komunikasi yang
lebih bermakna kepada
mereka untuk menyelesaikan
masalah
1)Developmental
Use of existing social resources
to create more effective social
interactions, for example: -
 The process of helping
through counseling,
individually or group
 Problem between husband
and wife - providing more
meaningful communication
channels to them to solve
their problems
 ”Provision of individual and social
resources”
2) Educational 2) Educational
(Pendidikan) To educate individuals,
Memberi pendidikan kepada groups or communities
individu, kumpulan atau
For example: -
komuniti Contohnya:-
 General lectures on
 Syarahan umum
families and the role
mengenai keluarga
of parents
dan peranan ibubapa
 Lectures on current
 Syarahan mengenai
isu semasa masyarakat
issues in society
“Prevention of social dysfunction”
1) Prevention of 1) Prevention of
problem problem
Mencegah berlakunya Prevent the occurrence
masalah, Contoh:- of problems, Example: -
 Counseling before
• Kaunseling sebelum
perkahwinan untuk marriage to prevent
mencegah berlakunya the occurrence of
kegagalan dalam failure in the
pembentukan institusi establishment of
kekeluargaan family institution
“Prevention of social dysfunction”
2) Prevention of 2)Prevention of
social ills social ills
Mencegah penyakit- Preventing social
penyakit sosial
illnesses such as: -
contohnya:-
 Reduces juvenile and
 Mengurangkan masalah
juvana dan delinkuen delinquent issues by
dengan menggunakan fully utilizing the
sepenuhnya sumber economic and social
ekonomi dan sosial yang resources available
terdapat dalam komuniti in the community
Fokus utama The main
pekerja sosial focus of social
workers

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 Menolong membaiki atau
meningkatkan kefungsian
sosial serta kemampuan
berinteraksi dalam masyarakat
 Menolong individu
menyelesaikan masalah
peribadi
 Pekerja sosial bekerja dengan
klien pada peringkat sedar
(‘conscious level’), mereka
akan menolong klien
menerima realiti dan cuba
menyelesaikan masalah
tersebut
 Help improve or enhance
social functioning and
interaction in society
 Help individuals solve
personal problems
 Social workers work with
clients at a conscious
level, they will help
clients receive reality and
try to solve the problem
Prinsip asas Underlying
terhadap principles of
bidang kerja social work
sosial field

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1. Merupakan salah satu 1. One of the helping
profesion menolong professions
2. Praktis kerja sosial 2. Social work practice
berdasarkan teori, nilai is based on scientific
dan prinsip yang theories, values and
saintifik principles
3. Profesion yang
3. Required and
diperlukan dan
constantly growing
sentiasa berkembang
profession
4. Membawa nilai kerja
sosial secara 4. Establish social work
profesional ke dalam values professionally
masyarakat into society
5. Amalan kerja sosial 5. Social work practice
berdasarkan pendekatan based on scientific
saintifik, 3 bentuk approach, 3 forms of
pengetahuan terlibat knowledge involved
ialah are…
 Tested knowledge  Tested knowledge
 Hypothetical  Hypothetical knowledge
knowledge  Assumptive knowledge
 Assumptive knowledge & practice wisdom
& practice wisdom
6. Pengetahuan yang 6. Needed knowledge is
diperlukan based on goals,
berdasarkan matlamat, functions and nature of
fungsi dan nature of problem
problem 7. Value and knowledge
7. Nilai dan pengetahuan are a key feature of
merupakan ciri utama social work profession
profesion kerja sosial 8. Professional skills is
8. Kemahiran profesional highly emphasized in
amat dititik beratkan social work activities
dalam aktiviti-aktiviti
yang dijalankan adalah
 Ciri-ciri Special
istimewa bidang features of
kerja sosial social work

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1. Memfokus kepada “the 1. Focusing on "the
wholeness and totality of wholeness and totality of
the person” the person"
2. Menekankan faktor 2. Emphasize family factors
kekeluargaan dalam in individual behavior
tingkahlaku individu 3. Fully utilize community
3. Menggunakan sumber resources
komuniti sepenuhnya
4. Use the supervision
4. Menggunakan proses process
penyeliaan
5. Unique research
5. Program penyelidikan
program
yang unik
6. Menumpu kepada 3 6. Focus on 3 main
proses utama processes
 Casework  Casework
 Groupwork  Group work
 Community  Community
organisation organization
7. Mempunyai badan 6. Has professional
profesional seperti bodies such as NASW,
NASW, CSWE, APASWE CSWE, APASWE
8. Hubungan merupakan 7. Relationships are an
elemen penting dalam important element of
proses kerja sosial the social work
process
9. Menggunakan 9. Using concepts of
orientasi konsep- psychiatry and
kosep psikiatri dan pressure
konsep-konsep
tekanan
concepts
10.Menitik beratkan
10.Emphasize the
hubungan dan relationship and
tekanan dalam pressure in
interaksi interaction
11.Masalah sosial dan 11.Human and
tingkahlaku social problems
manusia
13. Menolong klien untuk 13. Help clients to help
menolong diri sendiri themselves
14. Pekerja sosial bekerja 14. Social workers
dengan agensi always work with
15. Secara tradisinya agencies
menyediakan 15. Traditionally provide
perkhidmatan kepada services to individuals
individu dan keluarga and families
16. Pendekatan secara 16. Group approach
berkumpulan
 Konsep sosial dalam kerja sosial menekankan hubungan dan
tekanan yang terhasil dari hubungan
Social concepts in social work emphasize the relationship and the
stresses of the relationship
Individu, group, community
Pekerja sosial menekankan
permasalahan dan tekanan
dalam interaksi sosial individu
Social interaction stress dan kumpulan
Social workers emphasize problems
and stress in individual and group
social interactions
Individu, group,comunity

Social functioning or malfunctioning

WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK

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