EE- 323

( 3+1 )
Topics: Instrument Types & Chapter # 3

Department of Electrical Engineering,

WEC

Instructor: Engr. Tehseen Hussain

Active and Passive instruments

• Active instruments are those where the quantity is

measured with the help of external power. Whereas no
external power is required to measure a quantity in
passive instruments.
Analog and Digital Instruments

Analog: gives an output that varies continuously as the

quantity being measured changes. The output can have
an infinite number of values within the range that the
instrument is designed.
Digital: has an output that varies in discrete steps and
so can only have a finite number of values.
Analog instruments must be interfaced to the
microcomputer by an analog -to- digital (A/D)
converter, which converts the analog output signal
from the instrument into an equivalent digital quantity
that can be read into the computer.
 A digital instrument has an output that varies in discrete steps and so
can only have a finite number of values. The rev counter is an example
of a digital instrument. A cam is attached to the revolving body whose
motion is being measured, and on each revolution the cam opens and
closes a switch. The switching operations are counted by an electronic
counter.
 Division in instruments between those that do incorporate a
microprocessor (smart) and those that don’t.

 Instrument with embedded microprocessor or microcontroller are

smart, they have their own memories, data buses, displays etc.

 Smart Instruments can also have

capabilities like

 Self calibration capability

 Self-diagnosis of faults
 Compensation for random
errors
 Adjustment for measurement
non-linearities
 IEEE Standards
Stands for the "Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers“ an engineering society headquartered in new york
city.
A large group of the standards are set for various electronics
systems and components.
Example:
The common lab oscilloscope become difficult to use when
each manufacturer adopts a different arrangement of knob
and function and different name of same function.
An IEEE standards address the Lab oscilloscope and specify
the control, function etc.
 Home Work #1
• Articles 3.4.4 & 3.4.5
• Quiz will be in Next Class (24-02-2020) from
• There will be no retake of any quiz.
• There will be 4 quizzes only and all the quizzes
will be included but it will also depend on class
strength. Low strength will leads to a surprise
Quiz.
• Bring A4 Paper and calculator with you, no
exchange will be allowed.

Quiz # 1
 Assignment #1
• Submission date Monday 24-02-2020
in class.
• Before class all assignment should be
collected by CR and arranged roll
number wise.
• No Late Assignment will be accepted.
• Only 6 Assignments will be given.