PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPIES

•COGNITIVE THERAPY
•RELAXATION THERAPY
•BIOFEDBACK
•GUIDED IMAGERY
•PLAY THERAPY
•MUSIC THERAPY
 DEFINITION

• Cognitive therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach

based on the idea that behaviour is secondary to
thinking .It focuses on how patients think about
themselves and their world , make changes in current
ways of thinking and behaviour.
 INDICATIONS
• DEPRESSION
• PANIC DISORDER
• GAD
• SOCIAL PHOBIAS
• OCD
• PTSD
• EATING DISORDER
• SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• SCHIZOPHRENIA
• PERSONALITY
DISORDER
 PRINCIPLES

1.COGNITIVE THERAPY IS
BASED ON AN
EVEREVOLVING
FORMULATION OF THE
CLIENT AND HIS OR HER
PROBLEMS IN
COGNITIVE TERMS
2.COGNITIVE THERAPY REQUIRES A
SOUND THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE
3.COGNITIVE THERAPY EMPHASIZES
COLLABORATION AND ACTIVE
PARTICIPATION
 4.COGNITIVE THERAPY IS GOAL
ORIENTED AND PROBLEM FOCUSED
5.COGNITIV THERAPY INITIALLY
EMPHASIZES THE PRESENT
6.COGNITIVE THERAPY IS EDUCATIVE , AIMS TO
TEACH THE CLIENT TO BE HIS OR HER OWN
THERAPIST , AND EMPHASIZES RELAPSE
PREVENTION
7.COGNITIVE THERAPY AIMS TO BE
TIME LIMITED
8.COGNITIVE THERAPY SESSIONS ARE
STRUCTURED
 BASIC CONCEPTS-AUTOMATIC
THOUGHTS

• Arbitrary inference

• Overgeneralization

• Dichotomous thinking

• Selective abstraction

• Magnification

• Minimization

• Catastrophic thinking
 FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS

• Based on the persons perception of an event rather

than the event itself
• Time limited

• Persons are the architects of their own misfortunate

• All psychiatric disorders have some amount of

cognitive impairment
 TECHNIQUES

1. DIDACTIC ASPECTS
2. COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES
3. BEHAVIOURAL INTERVENTIONS
 COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES

• RECOGNIZING AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS AND

SCHEMAS
-SOCRATIC QUESTIONING
-IMAGERY AND ROLE PLAY
-THOUGHT RECORDING
 MODIFYING AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS
AND SCHEMAS

• GENERATING ALTERNATIVES

• EXAMINING THE EVIDENCE

• DECATASTROPHIZING

• REATTRIBUTION

• DAILY RECORD OF DYSFUNCTIONAL THOUGHTS

• COGNITIVE REHEARSAL
 BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS

• ACTIVITY SCHEDULING

• GRADED TASK ASSIGNMENTS

• BEHAVIORAL REHEARSAL
• DISTRACTION
• MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES
RELAXATION THERAPIES
 TECHNIQUE
 Sit in a comfortable chair with your hands in your lap , your
feet flat on the floor , and your eyes closed.
 Begin by taking three deep , slow breaths , inhaling through
the nose and releasing the air slowly through the mouth
 Now starting with the feet , pull the toes forward toward the
knees , stiffen your calves and hold for a count of 5
 Now release the hold.Let go of the tension .Feel the
 Contd..
sensation of relaxation and warmth as the tension flows out of
the muscles.
 Next , tense the muscles of the thighs and buttocks , and hold
for a count of 5
 Now release the hold. Feel the tension drain away and be
aware of the difference in sensation perhaps a heaviness or
feeling of warmth that you did not feel when the muscles were
tensed . Concentrate on this feeling for a few seconds
 Next , tense the abdominal muscles and hold for a count of 5
 Contd…
 Now release the hold. Concentrate on the feeling of
relaxation in the muscles. You may feel a warming sensation
and hold on to that feeling for 15 – 20 seconds
 Next tense the muscles in the back and hold for a count of 5
 Now release the hold and feel the sensation of relaxation
and warmth as the tension flows out of the muscles
 Next , tense the muscles of your hands , biceps and
forearms.Clench your hands into a tight fist and hold for a
count of 5
 Contd…
 Now release the hold and notice the sensations , you may feel
tingling , warmth and a light airy feeling and recognize these
sensations as tension leaves the muscles
 Next tense the muscles of the shoulders and neck , shrug the
shoulders tightly and hold for a count of 5
 Now release the hold . Sense the tension as it leaves the
muscles and experience the feeling of relaxation
 Next tense the muscles of the face and wrinkle the forehead ,
squint eyes and purse the lips and hold for a count of 5
 Contd..

 Now release the hold.Recognise a light , warm

feeling flowing into the muscles
 Now feel the relaxation in your whole body.As the
tension leaves your entire being , you feel
completely relaxed
 Open your eyes and enjoy and get relaxed
PLAY THERAPY
INDIVIDUAL Vs GROUP PLAY
THERAPY
FREE vs CONTROLLED PLAY
THERAPY
 Contd..

• Structured vs Unstructured play therapy

• Directive vs non-directive play therapy
 ROLE OF NURSE
COGNITIVE THERAPY
• Assess the needs of the patient
• Detailed history
• Assess clients perception of the stressor
• Acknowledge patients feelings of despair
• Help the client to recognize his/her worth as a
person
• Focus on past accomplishments and offer
support
 RELAXATION THERAPY
• Help to identify the method of coping
• Identify the individual adaptation to stress

• Evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy

• Plan alternative / modification