Professional Documents
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CH 15
CH 15
NONPARAMETRIC
METHODS
Step 1:
H0: p = .50 (People do not prefer either of
the two brands of water)
H1: p ≠ .50 (People prefer one brand of
water over the other)
np and npq
Prem Mann, Introductory Statistics, 7/E
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons. All right reserved
Example 15-2
A developer is interested in building a
shopping mall adjacent to a residential area.
Before granting or denying permission to
build such a mall, the town council took a
random sample of 75 adults from adjacent
areas and asked them whether they favor or
oppose construction of this mall. Of these
75 adults, 40 opposed construction of the
mall, 30 favored it, and 5 had no opinion.
Step 1:
H0: Median price = $137,000 (Real estate
agent’s claim is true)
H1: Median price ≠ $137,000 (Real estate
agent’s claim is false)
Step 2:
For a test of the median of a population,
we employ the sign test procedure by
using the binomial probability distribution
if n ≤ 25
The sample is small; n = 10 < 25
We use the binomial probability
distribution to conduct the test
Step 5:
The observed value of X = 7
It falls in the nonrejection region
Hence, we do not reject H0
We conclude that the median price of
homes in this city is not different from
$137,000
Step 1:
H0: Median ≥ $70 (Company’s claim is true)
Step 2:
This is a test about the median and n > 25
Hence, we can use the normal distribution
as an approximation to the binomial
probability distribution to conduct this test
Step 3:
The test is left-tailed and α = .01
From Table IV, the z value for .01 area in
the left tail is z = -2.33
Step 5:
z = -1.27
It is greater than the critical value of z = -2.33
Hence, we do not reject H0
We conclude that the company’s claim that
the median phone bill is at least $70
seems to be true
Step 1:
H0: M = 0 (The dietary plan does not
reduce the median blood pressure)
H1: M > 0 (The dietary plan reduces the
median blood pressure)
Step 3:
n = 12 and α = .025
The test is right-tailed
From Table VIII, the (upper) critical value
of X is 10
Step 4 & 5:
The observed value of X = 10
It falls in the rejection region
Hence, we reject H0
We conclude that the dietary plan reduces
the median blood pressure of adults
Step 1:
H0: M = 0 (The lecture does not increase
the median score)
H1: M < 0 (The lecture increases the
median score)
Step 5:
The observed value of z = -3.95
It is less than the critical value of z = -2.33
Step 1:
H0: MA = MB (The crash course does not
increase the writing speed of secretaries)
H1: MA > MB (The crash course does
increase the writing speed of secretaries)
Step 2:
The distribution of paired differences is
unknown
n < 15
We use the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
procedure for the small sample case
Step 3:
α = .025
n = 7. Note that for one pair of data, both
values are the same, 75. We drop such
cases when determining the sample size
for the test.
The test is right-tailed
From Table IX, the critical value of T = 2
H1: MA > MB
Step 2:
The sample size is greater than 15
We use the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
procedure with the normal distribution
approximation
Step 3:
α = .01
The test is right-tailed
From Table IV, the critical value of z =
2.33
n n 1 23 23 1
T 138
4 4
n n 1 2n 1 23 23 1 46 1
T 32.87856445
24 24
T T 218 138
z 2.43
T 32.87856445
Step 5:
The observed value of z = 2.43
It falls in the rejection region
Hence, we reject the null hypothesis
We conclude that the gasoline additive
increase mileage
Step 1:
H0: The population distributions of daily
crimes in the two cities are identical
H1: The population distributions of daily
crimes in the two cities are different
Step 5:
The observed value of T = 58.5
It is between TL = 51 and TU = 93
Hence, we do not reject H0
We conclude that the two population
distributions seem to be identical
Step 1:
H0: The two population distributions are
identical
H1: The distribution of population 1 is to
the right of the distribution of
population 2
Step 5:
The observed value of z = 2.49
It is greater than the critical value of z = 2.33
It falls in the rejection region
Hence, we reject H0
We conclude that the distribution of
population 1 is to the right of the
distribution of population 2.
6 d 2
rs 1
n(n 2 1)
In a test of hypothesis about the Spearman rho
rank correlation coefficient ρs, the test statistic is rs
and its observed value is calculated by using the
above formula.
Step 1:
H0: ρs = 0 (There is no correlation between
per capita incomes and infant mortality
rates in all states)
H1: ρs ≠ 0 (There is a correlation between
per capita incomes and infant mortality
rates in all states)
Step 2:
The sample is taken from a small
population
The variables do not follow a normal
distribution
We use the Spearman rho rank correlation
coefficient test procedure to make this test
Step 3:
n = 8
α = .05
The test is two-tailed
From Table XI, the critical values of rs are
±.738, or +.738 and -.738
M F M M F F F M F M M M
F F F F M M M F F M F M M
R R
z
R