Chronic renal disease in dogs and

cats
 Urinalysis
• Color
• Sp.Gravity 1.005
• PH Blood
• Protein Albumin – 2.5
• Glucose Hb- 7 g/dl
• Bilirubin PCV-22.5%
WBC-9500/cmm
• Blood N-80
• WBC BP- 190 mm Hg
• Ep.Cells Radiography
US
• Casts
• Crystals
• Urine Pt.:Cr ratio – 5.3
 Renal Failure

• ~20% of Cardiac output

– Filtered by renal corpuscle
– Reabsorbed by kidney tubules
– Waste excreted as urine

• Renal Failure due to:

– ↓ blood flow (hypoperfusion)
– Damage to nephron and glomerular filtration declines resulting in
azotemia
 AZOTEMIA

• Pre-renal
–dehydration
• Renal
–Primary kidney disorders
• Post-renal
–Urinary tract obstruction
 Etiology
•Glomerular dis.
•Tubulo interstitial dis.
•Pyelonephritis
•Nephrolithiasis
•Chronic hydronephrosis
•Infectious
•Toxins
•Carcinoma
•Amyloidosis
•Hereditary- Fanconi’s syndrome- besengi
Stages of Kidney disease

Loss of Renal Reserve - Early signs of PU/PD

PU= polyuria (increased urination)
PD= polydipsia (increased drinking)

Renal Insufficiency - Early warning signs,

suchTubules
as increased thirst, may begin
not concentrating urineto
appear

Renal Failure (Azotemia) - Kidneys cannot

eliminate waste efficiently, causing signs of
illness

Advanced Kidney Failure (Uremia) - Severe

signs of illness appear; eventually, collapse and
death result
 Signs
Vomiting, loose bowel movement
Weight loss, weakness, lethargy, Anorexia, aversion
to exercise
Bad breath -halitosis.
Mouth ulcers 
Anemia 
Formation of pale mucous membranes on the gums
Dehydration 
Subcutaneous Edema 
Ascites 
High blood pressure
Loss of sight 
 Diagnosis
• Clinical signs
• CBC
• Urinalysis
• Serum – BUN, Creatinine
• Electrolytes
• B.p
• USG
• X- ray
Symmetric Dimethylarginine
•CKD- months to years
•Irreversible and progressive
•Fibrosis
•Not possible to improve renal
function
•Stabilize the renal function
 ARF CRF
(large size) (small size)

PCV Inc. Dec.

Azotemia: BUN Inc. Inc.
and Cr
Phosphorous Inc. Inc.
Potassium Inc. Dec.
Other Acidosis, proteinuria
Condition Reversible Irreversible
Size Large Small
Urine Anuria/ Polyuria
Oliguria