INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Session Objectives
At the end of the lecture, the participants
would be able to:

 Discuss the fundamental concepts of IH

and describe the functions of an
industrial hygienist;
 Identify the different environmental
hazards;
 Identify the specific measuring
equipment for particular hazards; and
Entrance Injury
to
Human Accumulation
Illness
Body Excretion
Death

Metabolic
Reaction
 Vapours
Gases Fumes
Work Dispersion
Dust Environment
Generation
Diffusion Contamination
Chemical Substance Noise
Raw Materials Mist
Heat

Contamination of Work Environment

 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

The science that deals with the

recognition, evaluation and
control of environmental
hazards and stresses arising in
and from the workplace, which
may impair health, cause
illness or discomfort, and
inefficiency among workers.
Types of Health Hazards

Chemicals Ergonomics

Biological
Physical
 Physical Hazards
Temperature Extremes
Pressure Extremes
Radiation
Noise
Illumination
Vibration
 Chemicals Hazards

 Solvents / Vapors
 Dust / Particulates
 Heavy Metals / Fumes
 Gases / Smoke
 Acids / Mist
Biological Hazards

 Bacteria
 Virus
 Fungi
 Enzymes
 Micro-organism
 Ergonomics Hazards
 Improperly designed tools or
workareas
 Improper lifting or reaching
 Poor visual conditions
 Repeated motion in awkward
position
Hazards Recognition
Recognition
Recognition of
of the
the different
different hazards
hazards can
can be
be
accomplished
accomplished by…
by…

 Walk-through survey/ocular inspection

 Reviewing process involved
 Knowing the raw materials used,
products and by-products
 Gathering of worker’s complaints
 CSDS/MSDS
 What is CSDS/MSDS?

A summary of the important health,

safety and toxicological information on
the chemical or the mixture
ingredients.
 Contents of the CSDS/MSDS

1. Identification of the Chemicals

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients.
3. Hazards Identification.
4. First-aid Measures.
5. Fire-fighting Measures.
6. Accidental Release Measures
7. Handling and Storage
8. Personal Protection
 Contents of the CSDS/MSDS

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

10. Stability and Reactivity
11. Toxicological Information
12. Ecological Information
13. Disposal Considerations
14. Transport Information
15. Regulatory Information
16. Other Information
Work Environment Measurement
(WEM)

Refers to the determination of

environmental stresses and their
hazardous effects on worker’s health
through direct measurement of the
working environment using IH
equipment.
 Purposes of WEM
Work Environment Measurement

 To monitor worker’s exposure to

harmful substances;
 To evaluate the effectiveness of
environmental control measures
adopted to improve the
workplace; and
 To maintain favorable
environment conditions.
Types of Environmental
Monitoring

 Area/Environmental Sampling
 Personal Sampling
 Biological Monitoring
Area/Environmental Sampling
Filter Holder

Elutriator
 Actual Personal Air Sampling
Equipment Set-up
 Sampling Pump
Low Flow – 50- 350 mL/min -
High Flow - 1 - 5 L/min

Sampling Media
Filter Cassettes
Sorbent Tubes
Impingers
Sample Bags
 WEM Equipment
 Lux Meter - Illumination
 Psychrometer - Humidity
 Anemometer - Air Movement
 Smoke Tester - Air Direction
 Sound Level Meter - Noise
 Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer - Heat
Sound Level Meter
 Direct-Reading Instruments
(Gas Detection Instruments)
Instruments like:
 Combustible Gas
Detector
 Oxygen Monitor
 Toxic Gas Detector
 Detector Tube Pump
can be use for on-the
spot assessment of
ambient air
 Evaluation
 Determination of the magnitude or
level of hazards with the use of IH
equipment;
 Analysis of samples
 Comparison of measurement results
to standards called TLV
 Analysis of Samples
Analytical equipment Sample
–Gas Chromatograph –Solvents
–High Performance –Inorganic chemicals
Liquid
Chromatograph
–Atomic Absorption –Metals
Spectrophotometer
–X-ray Diffractometer –Mineral dust
–Asbestos fibers
–UV-Vis –Acids and Other
Spectrophotometer Chemicals
 Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
 Threshold Limit Value(TLV) –
exposure guidelines established for
airborne concentration of many
chemical compounds.

 Categories:
– TLV/TWA - Time Weighted Average
– TLV/STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit
– TLV/C - Ceiling
Permissible Noise Exposure
Duration/day Sound Level
Hours (hr) dB(A)
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
1/2 110
1/4 115
 Permissible Heat Exposure
Threshold Limit Values
Work-Rest Workload Workload Workload
Regimen Light Moderate Heavy
o o o
Continuous 30.0 C 26.7 C 25.0 C
75% work - o o o
30.6 C 28.0 C 25.9 C
25% rest
50% work - o o o
31.4 C 29.4 C 27.9 C
50% rest
25% work - o o o
32.2 C 31.1 C 30.0 C
75% rest
 Recommended
Recommended Illumination
Illumination Levels
Levels
 A minimum of 50 lux – passageway,
corridor, warehouse
 A minimum of 100 lux – engine and boiler
rooms; toilets and washrooms
 A minimum of 200 lux – canning and
preserving; planing of lumber and veneering
 A minimum of 300 lux – medium inspection;
office deskwork with intermittent reading
and writing for filing and mail sorting.
 Recommended
Recommended Illumination
Illumination Levels
Levels

 A minimum of 500 lux – fine

inspection, fine woodworking,
accounting, drafting, stenographic
work.
 A minimum of 1000 lux – extra fine
assembling; jewelry and watch mfg;
proofreading in printing plants
TLV of Airborne Contaminants

Particulates Mists

Asbestos –2 fibers/cc HCl - 5 ppm

Dust (resp.)- 5 mg/m3 H3PO4 - 0.25 ppm
H2SO4 - 0.25 ppm
Dust (total)- 10 mg/m 3

HNO3 - 2 ppm
TLV of Airborne Contaminants

GASES VAPORS

CO 50ppm Acetone 1,000ppm

Benzene 25ppm-C
CO2 5,000ppm
Toluene 100ppm
Cl2 1ppm Methanol 200ppm
O2 19.5 % Ethanol 1,000ppm
Methyl 500ppm-C
H2S 10 ppm Chloride
THANK YOU...