MEMBRANE

FILTRATION
(Level 2)
(Level 2)
5.1: Effect of differential pressure across UF
membrane on solute fluxes

GROUP 3
 INTRODUCTION

Membrane filtration; an effective separation technique that involved terms such as

feed water, permeate and retentate.

Feed water: influent water to be supplied to membrane system.

Permeate: liquid that has passed through the membrane.
Retentate: portion of the feed water inlet that does not pass through the membrane.

The SOLTEQ Membrane Filtration Unit (TR16)

- Membranes supplied with TR16 unit: tubular type (widely used and have turbulent
flow conditions (PVDF membrane – UF)
- System is in cross flow configuration.
- Liquid permeates through the membrane and feed emerges in more concentrated
form on exit from module.
 GROUP MEMBERS AND ROLES
Name Role

Normina Binti Zahari Planner

Nadillah Umaira Binti Analyzer

Mohamed

Nurhanis Farisha Binti Md Experimenter

Zaidi
 OBJECTIVES

To study the effect of differential pressure across UF

membrane on the fluxes by using de-ionized water

To determine the membrane resistance, Rm by using de-

ionized water
 GENERAL START-UP PROCEDURE

2.Adjust pressure
1.Close valve V5 and
regulator, PR1 by turning
V16 in order to set
the pressure adjuster 3. Fill up the feed tank up to 20L
maximum working
nut in counter clockwise of de-ionized water.
pressure
for safe low pressure.

4.Open valve V3 and close valve V2 and

5.Adjust the pressure
6.Re-open valve V5 regulator to 35 Bar in
and V16 for liquid to order to obtain desired
flow. maximum working
pressure.
switch on the plunger pump, P1. Observe
the pressure gauge, P1 reading next to the
pressure regulator, PR1. The pressure will
arise steadily until it reaches the previously
set pressure.
 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1.Insert 2 UF membranes into 2.Before starting , be
3.In order to set the
the membrane module. Secure sure to set the correct
maximum working
the rubber seals well on both ends maximum working
pressure ,refer to
of the membrane, make sure the pressure. Set maximum
procedure pump and
seal doesn`t fold. Tighten the pressure of 10 bars for
pressure.
screw and make sure no leakage. UF.

5.Fully open valves V3,V5,V7 and

4. Fill up the heating /cooling tank
V16 start plunger pump P1, at the
with de ionized water until approx 80%
same time on the centrifugal
full.
pump P2 for process temperature
control
6.Open the main water supply
to flow in water through the
cooling coil .Adjust the globe
valve V13 and V11 until the
desired working temperature
is achieved and stabilized
before taking the result.
10.Plot flux J versus ∆P
7.Vary the differential pressure
across the membrane by
adjusting the needle valve 8.Measure the flow
V7.Set the differential pressure rate of permeate to
to 10 bars and let the water calculate the flux.
flow for about 1 minute until
the flow rate is stable before
taking any reading .
9.Repeat steps 7 and 8
with differential
pressure by 4 bars up
to 10 bars
SHUT DOWN PROCEDURE

Open valve V1, V4, V6, V8, V9 and V10 to drain the leftover
liquid before flushing the membrane.

Switch off the plunger pump and control panel power.

 RAW DATA TABLE
TIME TAKEN FLOWRATE MEMBRANE RESISTANCE
PRESSURE (BAR) VOLUME (L) FLUX (L/M2S)
(MIN) (L/MIN) (RM)​

10
 FORMULA USED
1. PLOT FLUX VERSUS TIME AT DIFFERENT P
  2. CALCULATE THE MEMBRANE RESISTANCE 

CALCULATION FOR
CALCULATION FOR
THE MEMBRANE
THE FLUX, J
RESISTANCE, Rm
EXPECTED
RESULT
MAINTENANCE & SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Pumps Limits – operate pumps below pressure limits of the respective membranes to protect the
membranes (plunger pump has a working pressure range of 7 – 85 bars)

Membranes Limits – recommended operating pressures of UF modules is 10 bars.

֯ for UF membranes.
- Operating temperature shall not exceed 60 C

Control Valves – all valves must be set at a correct positions in order to avoid possible damage to the
unit.

Cleaning the Membranes – membranes cleaning must be done at the end of each session by
circulating for at least 10 minutes with suitable chemicals and cleaning frequency depending on the
nature of process and type of membrane.

Plunger Pump – the pump should be filled with fully synthetics oil and being changed for every 500
hours of operation.
MEMBRANE FILTRATION
 REFERENCES

Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse , 4th Edition , McGraw Hill, 2003

CEV452 UNIT OPERATION LAB – Lab Manual