MAGNOLIOPHYTA

(ANGIOSPERMAE)
Terdiri atas 2 Kelas :
 Magnoliopsida (Dycotiledoneae)
 Liliopsida (Monocotyledoneae)

MONOCOTS DICOTS

Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons

Pollen with single furrow or Pollen with three furrows or
pore pores
Flower parts in multiples of Flower parts in multiples of
three four or five
Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins
Stem vacular bundles reticulated
scattered Stem vascular bundles in a
Roots are ring
adventitious Roots develop from radicle
Secondary growth often
Secondary growth
present
absent
Now let's have a test!

Is the Day Flower (Commelina

communis) shown a monocot or a dicot?
This is sort of tricky, but nature is full of tricky blossoms.
The leaves appear to have parallel veins, so there's a vote for "monocot."
However, this flower seems to have only two petals, and that doesn't fit either monocot or
dicot.
If you could examine the stamens you'd see that there are three with anthers and three
that are "sterile," or without anthers, so there's another vote for "monocot."
Well, fact is, it is a monocot.
The main proof is that actually there is a third petal, a much reduced, translucent one at
the flower's bottom, so there are also three petals. Therefore: Monocot.
 The two large blue petal limbs and their claws
attaching them to the floral axis are visible; the
smaller lower white petal is mostly obscured; the
three yellow staminodes with central maroon spots
are above, the central fertile stamen with maroon
connective is below them, and the two brown lateral
fertile stamens and the curving style between them
are lowest; notice the contrasting veins on the spathe
surrounding the flower
 two relatively large blue petals and one very reduced
white petal. 3 steril stamen
 spathe, a modified leaf.
 The 2 upper petals are blue to indigo in colour, while
the much smaller lower petal is white.
 There are three anticous (i.e. on the lower part of the
flower) fertile stamens, and three posticous (i.e. on
the upper part of the flower) infertile stamens termed
staminodes. The fertile stamens are dimorphic: the
lateral pair have maroon to indigo anthers that
measure about 2 mm (0.8 in) long and are elliptic with
a sagittate (i.e. arrowhead-shaped) base. Their
filaments are about 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long.
The central fertile stamen has a yellow, elliptic anther 3 fertil stamen :
with a maroon connective and a hastate (i.e.
spearhead-shaped, but with lobes at right angles) dimorfik
base. The anther measures about 2.5 mm (0.1 in)
long while its filament is about 5–6 mm (0.2–0.24 in)
long.[4] The three staminodes are all alike with 1 pistil
yellow, cruciform (i.e. cross-shaped) antherodes that
are about 2 mm (0.08 in) long on filaments about
3 mm (0.12 in) long.[3][4] Sometimes the antherodes
will have a central maroon spot.[3] Each antherode
has two abortive lateral pollen sacks. The ovary is
ellipsoid, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and has a style
that is about 1.3 cm (0.51 in) long
Kelas Magnoliopsida memiliki 6 anak kelas :

1.Magnoliidae

2.Hamamelidae

3.Caryophyllidae

4.Dilleniidae

5.Rosidae

6.Asteridae
 KELAS MAGNOLIOPSIDA
Terdiri atas 6 anak kelas

6
5

4
2
3

Dugaan hubungan evolusi anak-anak kelas

Magnoliopsida
Anak kelas Magnoliidae

1. Bangsa MAGNOLIALES (10 suku)

Pilihan suku didasarkan atas besarnya jumlah jenis, kepentingan
ekonominya dan adanya sifat-sifat yang istimewa

Suku MAGNOLIACEAE

 Pohon, perdu

 Daun tunggal, tersebar ada stipula

 Perbungaan : umumnya tunggal

 Bunga :
 Bisex jarang unisex aktinomorf
 Perigonium 6 – 18, dalam spiral atau
lingkaran
 Stamen ~, pistilum ~, tersusun spiral
pada kepanjangan dasar bunga
(torus). Magnolia
 Ovarium superus, satu ruang/karpel grandiflora
 Buah : folikulus (bumbung), baka (buni), samara kadang
agregat berupa kerucut mengkayu

 Kepentingan ekonomi suku ini : beberapa jenisnya

merupakan
1. tanaman hias dengan bunga yang harum
2. ada yang merupakan penghasil kayu
 Manglieta figo – cempaka
ambon

M. glauca – manglit, kayu

Talauma candolii – cempaka gondok

Michelia champaca – cempaka kuning
Kulit kayu : tonikum, penurun demam,
pengharum, anti kanker
Daun, akar : peluruh cacing, urus-urus
Bunga : kosmetik
Kandungan kimia : minyak atsiri,
alkaloid, fenol, asam benzoat
M. alba – cempaka putih, kantil
Daun, bunga : penurun demam,
aromatikum, astringen, anti
kanker.
Kandungan kimia sama dengan
M. champaca
 Suku ANNONACEAE (Kenanga-kenangaan)

 Pohon, perdu, liana

 Daun tunggal, tersebar, tanpa
stipula
 Bunga :
 tunggal/infloresens simosa
 Bisex jarang unisex
aktinimorf
 Periantium 3 + 3 + 3, (3
lingkaran @ 3)
Satu atau 2 lingkaran luar
sepaloid
 Stamen ~, pistilum bbrp - ~,
Ovarium superus
 Buah : baka (Annona – agregat)
 Pohon buah, tanaman hias,
penghasil kayu
Contoh-contoh

Cananga odorata (kenanga)

The flower is greenish yellow (rarely pink), curly like a starfish, and yields a highly
fragrant essential oil.
The main aromatic component of ylang-ylang is methyl anthranilate The essential oil of
ylang-ylang is used in aromatherapy. It is believed to relieve high blood pressure,
normalize sebum secretion for skin problems, and is considered to be an aphrodisiac
Annona muricata (sirsak)
• Daun : emetikum
• Daun & bunga : meredakan kejang
• Daun muda : jerawat
• Buah masak : sariawan, penghalus kulit
• processed into ice creams, and drinks, but fiber-free varieties are often
eaten raw
• Biji/buah muda : astringen
• Kandungan kimia : protein, kalsium, fosfor, vitamin A & C
.
 Custard AppleAnnona reticulata
(buah nona, anon)
A. squamosa(sarikaya) Sugar-
Almost exclusively eaten fresh Custard apple's apple fruit
have an advantage over other Annona's in that
they tend to ripen slightly later in the year than Daun : scabies, bisul
their relatives, so during certain times of the
year, only custard apple's are available
Buah & biji muda : anti helmintik,
insektisida, diare, disentri,
Daun : bisul, eksim astringen
Kulit kayu : diare, disentri, cacing Akar : pencahar
Biji : diare, disentri Kandungan Kimia : resin, asam
Kandungan kimia : tannin alkaloid amino,anonain
Stelechocarpus burahol (burahol) :

Very rare and endangered tree from Southeast Asia. Fruit is borne
on the lower trunk and is said to have a spicy, mango-like flavor.

Ancient Indonesians believed that eating the fruit would cause body
secretions nafas, keringat, urine to take on a perfume scent.
Suku MYRISTICACEAE (Pala-palaan)
 Pohon, jarang perdu, aromatis,
Mengandung myristicin
(komponen fenolik yang psikotrofik)
 Unisex
 Daun tunggal, tersebar tanpa
stipula
 Bunga :
 rasemus/cymosa ♀,♂.
 Periantium sepaloid, Unisex,
Bunga ♂ : stamen 2 - ~.
monadelfus
 Bunga ♀ : carpel 1, stigma
sesil, ovul 1
 Buah : buni, memecah
 Biji berarilus, endosperm
berminyak
Horsfieldia glabra, pengusir nyamuk, obat bisul

Myristica fatua (pala laki-

laki), kayu bahan bangunan,
kulit kayu aprodisiak
Native to the Moluccas
islands. Smaller than nutmeg,
and not as fragrant, the
brazilian or false nutmeg is
sometimes used much like its
well known cousin.

Myristica fragrans nutmeg

The dried nuts are arils are used as
spices. There are a variety of
medicinal uses.
2. Bangsa LAURALES
Suku LAURACEAE (Medang-medangan)

 Pohon, perdu (kecuali Cassytha,

herba), aromatis (minyak, kayu)

 Daun tunggal, tersebar tanpa

stipula (Cassytha :
tereduksi)

 Bunga :
 Perbungaan panikula, rasemus,
spika, umbela
 Ada hypanthium (floral tube
formed by the fusion of the
basal portions of sepals,
petals
and stamens and from which
rest of floral parts emanate)
 * (aktinomorf), bisex (kadang Cinnamomum burmanni (kayu manis),
unisex), perigonium sepaloid minyak atsiri dari kulit kayu,
dalam 2 O (3 + 3) untuk ramuan makanan dan jamu
  Stamen 4 O, 3 O melekat pada tabung kaliks, 1 O dalam
staminodia (sterile stamen does not produce pollen, variable
in structures, petallike), antera membuka dengan klep (2 – 4)

 Ovarium superus, 1 karpel, 1 ruang, 1 ovul

 Buah : baka/drupa
 Biji tanpa endosperm
 Terdiri > 30 marga, 2000 – 2500 jenis,
tropis/subtropics kebanyakan di Asia Tenggara

Contoh-contoh :

C. culilawan (lawang) Barks has a

mucilaginous, aromatic taste, and
a mixed odor of cinnamon,
sassafras, and cloves.
Eusideroxylon zwageri (kayu besi)
Actinodaphne spp.
Beilschmeidia
spp. Cryptocarya
spp. Phoebe spp.
C
i
 C. Zeylanicum flower

This cinnamon is used the same as the commercial C. zeylanicum

spice, having the smell and nearly the same flavor. It is an
attractive shrubby 35' tree with shiny ovate leaves. Aside from
its use as a spice this specie is also known for various medicinal
uses derived from its bark.
Litsea cubeba (lemo, May Chang) :

Litsea cubeba oil obtained from the small

pepper shaped fruits which resemble peppers.
The scent of May Chang has been compared to
lemongrass and lemon verbena.

Having Therapeutic properties,

Integumentary system, Respiratory system,
Circulatory system, Nervous system
http://www.cherylsherbs.com/Essential_oil_

profile_litsea_cubeba.htm
 Persea americana (alpokat)

Unripe avocados are said to be toxic.

Two resins derived from the skin of the fruit are toxic
Dopamine has been found in the leaves.
Consists of many varieties, not all varieties are equally toxic.

Craigmill et al. at Davis, California, have confirmed deleterious effects on lactating goats which
were allowed to graze on leaves of 'Anaheim' avocado an hour each day for 2 days. Milk was curdled
and not milkable, the animals ground their teeth, necks were swollen and they coughed,

Avocado seed extracts injected into guinea pigs have caused only a few days of hyperexcitability and
anorexia. At Davis, mice given 10 to 14 g of half-and-half normal ration and either fresh or dried
avocado seed died in 2 or 3 days, though one mouse given 4 times the dose of the others survived for
2 weeks.

The seed and the roots contain an antibiotic which prevents bacterial spoilage of food. It is
the subject of two United States patents.
The bark contains 3.5% of an essential oil which has an anise odor and is made up largely of methyl
chavicol with a little anethole.
 Cinnamomum camphora (kamper)
native to China and Japan where it has been commercially used for its timber and essential oils for
hundreds of years
Camphor tree leaves are distinctively fragrant when crushed and ripe berries that are
consumed by some bird species.

Camphor in large doses is toxic to humans.

It stimulates the central nervous system and may affect respiration or cause convulsions.
In Chinese medicine, camphor is forbidden for pregnant women and those with a deficiency of vital
energy or yin.
Camphor does not have serious predators or diseases outside its native range. Seedlings and root
sprouts are abundant near mature trees, but individual trees pop up far from seed sources.
The Plant Conservation Alliance lists this species as an Alien Invader and it is listed as a Category
I invasive exotic species by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, which means that it is known to
be "invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida."
Become weed in USA, Australia
Eusideroxylon zwageri (kayu besi)
Cassytha Cassytha (called love-vine in the Bahamas) bears an uncanny
resemblance to dodder (the genus Cuscuta) but is not related to it at all!
Cassyth is in Lauraceae, the same family as Sassafra , avocado, and
cinnamon whereas dodder is in Convolvulaceae and is related to morning-
glory vines. If one looks closely at the flowers, love-vine is quite clearly a
member of Lauraceae.
 Ipomoea purpurea morning
glory

Cuscuta is commonly used in long term tonic programs. It is a gentle tonic

for the Kidney Yin and Yang, and also helps nourish Chi. It helps the Kidney
to consolidate the Chi. It is widely used to improve vision, nourish the
sperm and marrow, strengthen bones and sinews and to strengthen sexual
functions.

Convolvulaceae
Suku HERNANDIACEAE (Kampis-kampisan)

Hernandia peltata, ‘jack in the

box’
Kayu bahan bangunan, minyak
untuk lampu
 Uses: is sometimes planted by seed to make a
windbreak. Its hard wood is used for firewood, as
building material, on canoes as parts for holding the
sail, to make handles for fans, and sometimes to
make the frame of a food grinder.

The fruit ("nut") is also occasionally used to make

handicrafts.

The leaves are used for medicinal baths

for children and adults, and parts of the
plant are sometimes used in a
preparation to treat headaches.

Have been used as a traditional

medicine
for boils, cough, diarrhea, abdominal
pains, anticonvulsive treatment, eye
problems, and a number of other
Hernandia indications that appear to include
nymphaeifolia anticancer, antiviral, and antiparasite.
 3. Bangsa PIPERALES
Suku PIPERACEAE (sirih-sirihan)

 Herba, perdu, pohon kecil, liana,

aromatis (minyak atsiri di
parenkim), alkaloid amina atau
aporfin atau dari kelompok piridin
 Ikatan pembuluh dalam > 10 atau
tersebar, tapi ada kambium
intrafasikuler Piper nigrum (lada) – piperin
 Daun tunggal, tersebar, urat daun
pinnatus/palmatu , ada stipula
 Bunga :
 Spika / rasemus
 *, bi- atau unisexual, tanpa
periantium
 Stamen 1 – 10, ovarium
superus, 2 – 4 carpel, 1 ruang,
1 biji
 Buah : drupa
 Terdiri atas + 10 marga, 1400 –
2000 jenis, tropis
Peperomia sandersii,
tanaman hias

P. pellucida (seuseureuhan),
tanaman hias
 P. betle (sirih)
Sakit mata, Eksim, bau mulut, kulit gatal,
Piper nigrum (lada) – piperin menghilangkan jerawat; pendarahan gusi, mimisan,
bronkhitis, batuk, sariawan, luka; keputihan, sakit

jantung, sifilis, alergi/biduren, diare, Sakit gigi;

It is often chewed in combination with the betel
nut (Areca catechu), as a stimulatory. Some
evidence suggests that betel leaves have immune
boosting properties as well as anti-cancer
properties
 P. retrofractum (cabe jawa, cabe panjang) : untuk bandrek

In P. retrofractum (long pepper), piperine, piperlonguminine, sylvatine,

guineensine, piperlongumine, filfiline, sitosterol, methyl piperate and a
series of piperine-analog retrofractamides are reported. (Phytochemistry,
24, 279, 1985)

Buah : kejang perut, perut kembung, diare, sakit kepala, sakit gigi, batuk,
demam, tekanan darah rendah.
 P. Aduncum
(gedebong, kiseureuh)

Provides food and cover for wildlife, can be used for revegetating disturbed areas, and
contributes to the biomass of forests (Francis, 2003).
In Papua New Guinea stakes are used to create terraces for agriculture and to prevent
erosion (Bourke, 1997).
Wood can be used for basic construction, fuel, stakes and fences.
Has ornamental value and the fruit is used to season food.

Essential oils from this species have antibacterial properties and may also
be used as an insecticide and a molluscicide.
Tea made from the leaves and roots is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery,
vomiting, ulcers, and can also be used for the control of bleeding
(Francis, 2003).
P. methysticum (kawa), akar mengandung narkotik metistidin
Bangsa ILLICIALES
Suku
Perdu atau pohon kecil yang aromatis
ILLICIACEAE
Terdiri dari 1 marga dengan + 40 jenis
Illicium verum (star anise)
 Bangsa RANUNCULALES (8 suku)
Suku MENISPERMACEAE (Sirawan-sirawanan)

Umumnya liana atau herba

Biasanya mengandung
 sesquiterpenoid dan diterpenoid yang sangat pahit dan
beracun
 Berberin
Beberapa jenis dipakai seagai bahan ramuan obat

Cyclaea barbata (cincau rambat)

daun bahan cincau

Tinospora crispa
Arcangelisia flava (sirawan) – bayang, biji untuk obat
mengandung berberin, menispermin
Bangsa PAPAVERALES (2 suku)
Suku PAPAVERACEAE (Deruju–derujuan)

 Herba, jarang perdu, dengan getah seperti susu atau berwarna

 Mengandung berbagai alkaloida
 Banyak jenis yang merupakan tanaman hias,
 Yang terpenting adalah Papaver somniferum, sumber opium (yang
disadap dari buah yang belum matang) – narkotik

Papaver somniferum
 Argemone mexicana (deruju) Mexican
Poppy, Mexican Prickly Poppy or
Cardosanto
Useful Parts: Roots, leaves, seeds
and yellow juice.

the plant is diuretic. purgative and destroys worms.

It cures lepsory, skin-diseases, inflammations and bilious fevers.
Roots are anthelmintic. Juice is used to cure ophthalmia and opacity of cornea.
Seeds are purgative and sedative.
Seeds resemble mustard seeds and in India it is used to adulterate mustard
seed. Seed yield non edible toxic oil and causes lethal dropsy when used with
mustard oil for cooking.

Other uses: The plant is found suitable for the reclamation of alkaline soils.
Dried and powdered plants are recommended as green manure as it contain
sufficient amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium