THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

-The Preamble
-Overview of the Articles
 PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid

of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society, and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law
and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality,
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
 ARTICLE I
NATIONAL TERRITORY

WHAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL TERRITORY

OF THE PHILIPPINES?

• All the islands and waters embraced in the Philippine

Archipelago.
• All other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty
or jurisdiction
• All the waters around, between, and connecting the islands of
the Philippine archipelago.
 ARTICLE I
NATIONAL TERRITORY

What are included in the internal waters of the Philippines?

The waters around, between, and connecting the

islands of the archipelago, are included in the waters of
the Philippines.
 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

What kind of state is the Philippines?

The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.

 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

Where does sovereignty reside in, and where does government

authority emanate from?

The People
 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

Which authority is supreme over the military at all times?

Civilian Authority
 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

Who protects the sovereignty of the Philippines and the integrity

of it’s national territory?

The Armed Forces of the Philippines

 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

What is the basic autonomous social institution protected and

strengthened by the state?

The Family
 ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE

POLICIES PRINCIPLES

From what the period does the state protect the life of an unborn
child?

From Conception
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Which constitutional right guarantees that a person cannot be

deprived of life, liberty or property arbitrarily?

Right to due process

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Which constitutional right a person against illegal search of his

person, house, papers and effects?

Right against unreasonable searches and seizure

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Who may issue a search warrant or warrant of arrest?

A judge
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

When may a search warrant or warrant of arrest be issued ?

Upon a finding of probable cause

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

What happens to evidence obtained in violation’s of persons right

to privacy of communication and correspondence?

The evidence may not be used against the person in

any proceeding.
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Which Constitutional right guarantees similar treatment of all

persons?

Right to equal protection of law

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

What needs to be paid in order to allow the taking of private

property for a public purpose by the government?

Just Compensation
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

What kind of information are the people entitled to know?

The people have the right to information on matters of

public concern
 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

What are the grounds for impairing the right to travel?

National security, public safety, and public health

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Which constitutional rights prohibits a person from being

compelled to be a witness against himself?

Rights against self-incrimination

 ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS

Which constitutional rights prohibits a person from being

punished twice for the same offense?

Rights against double jeopardy

 ARTICLE IV
CITIZENSHIP

Who are citizens of Philippines?

• Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the

adoption of this Constitution;
• Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
• Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
• Those who are naturalized in the accordance with law.
 ARTICLE V
SUFFRAGE

What are the qualifications of a voter who is in the Philippines?

• must be a Filipino citizen
• must not be disqualified by law
• must be at least 18 years old
• must have resided in the Philippines for at least one year prior
to the election
• must have resided in the place where they intend to vote for
at least 6 months prior to the election
 ARTICLE V
SUFFRAGE

What are the qualifications of a voter who is in the Philippines?

• must be a Filipino citizen
• must not be disqualified by law
• must be at least 18 years old
• must have resided in the Philippines for at least one year prior
to the election
• must have resided in the place where they intend to vote for
at least 6 months prior to the election
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Where is legislative power vested in?

Congress
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What are the two houses of congress?

Senate and house of representatives

 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How many senators are elected to the senate?

24
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What are the qualifications of a senator?

• must be natural-born Filipino citizen

• must be at least thirty-five years old on the day of election
• must be able to read and write
• must be registered voter,
•  must be a Philippine resident for at least two years
immediately preceding the day of the election
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How long is the term of office of a senator?

6 years
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How many consecutive terms may a senator serve?

2 consecutive terms
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How many percent shall the party list representatives constitute

in the House of representatives?

The House of Representatives shall have no more than

250 members. 20% of the total number of all
representatives shall be party list representatives
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What are the qualifications of a member of the House of Representatives ?

• must be a natural born Filipino citizen

• must be at least 25 years old on the day of election
• must be able to read and write
• must be a registered voter in the district in which he is to be
elected
• must be a resident for at least 1 year in the district in which he
is to be elected prior to the day of the election
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How long is the term of office of a member of the House of the

Representatives?

3 years
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How many consecutive terms may a member of the House of

Representatives ?

3 consecutive terms
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the leader of the Senate ?

Senate President
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the leader of the House of Representatives ?

House Speaker
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election,

returns, and qualifications of senators?

Senate Electoral Tribunal

 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election,

returns, and qualifications of the members of the House of
Representatives?

House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal

 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What are the privileges enjoyed by the members of congress?

• Privilege of speech and debate (cannot be

questioned or held liable for speech or debate in
congress or in any of it’s committees)
• Privilege from arrest (cannot be arrested while congress is
in session for offenses punishable by not more than 6 years
imprisonment)
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How does a bill become a law?

• It must first be submitted to the President

• If the President approves the bill, then he will sign it
• If the President does not approve the bill, then he will veto the same
and return it with his objections to the house where it originated
• Congress may override the presidential veto if 2/3 of both houses
• If the President fails to inform the originating house of his veto of a
bill within 30 days from receipt, then the bill will become a law as if
it was signed by the President.
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the sole power to declare the existence of a state of war?

A Congress. The vote of 2/3 of both houses of

Congress, in joint session but voting separately, is
needed to declare the existence of the state of war.
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

How many votes by the members of Congress are needed to pass

a law granting a tax exemption ?

Majority of all the members of Congress

 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What is term used for the power of the people to directly propose
and enact laws?

Initiative
 ARTICLE VI
THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

What is term used for the power of the people to approved or

reject laws?

Referendum
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Where is the executive power vested in?

President of the Philippines

 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

What are the qualifications of the President and Vice-President of the

Philippines?

• must be a natural born Filipino citizen

• must be a registered voters
• must be able to read and write
• must be at least 40 years old on the day of election
• must be a Philippine residents for at least 10 years prior to
the election
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

How long is the term of office of the President and Vice-

President?

6 years
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

May the President run for re-election?

The President is not eligible to run for any re-election. A

person who has succeeded and served as President for more than
4 years is not qualified for election to the same office at any time.
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

How many successive terms may the vice President serve?

2 Terms
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Who canvasses the votes for the President and Vice-

President?

A Congress
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

In case the 2 presidential candidates with the highest number

of votes received exactly the same number of votes , how will the
winner be decided?

By the vote of the majority of the members of the

senate and the House of Representatives, voting
separately.
 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Who is the sole judge of all contests involving the election,

returns, and qualifications of the President and vice President?

Supreme Court en banc

 ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Who will serve as acting president if the President and vice

President were both not chosen, not qualified, died, or become
permanently disabled?

The Senate President, and if he is unable, the Speaker

of the House of Representatives.