FRUITS (1)

Fruits (botany)

 Fruits  characteristics of Angiospermae

 Fruits  Organ that develops from the flower’s
ovary and surrounds the plant’s seeds

Pistil = putik
Stigma = kepala putik
Style (stilus) = tangkai
putik
Ovary = bakal buah
Ovule (ovulum) = bakal biji
Stamen = benang sari
Anther = kepala sari;
Filament = tangkai sari
Pollen = serbuk sari
Petal = helai mahkota
Sepal = helai kelopak
 Fruits  ripened / mature ovary
 After fertilization :
 Ovule  seed
 Ovary  fruit
 Wall of ovary  fruit wall  pericarp

Pericarp
 Thin & membranous
 Thick  epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp
Classification of Fruits (botany)
On the basis of the number of ovaries and the number of flowers
involved in their formation
Types of fruits
 Classification of Fruits

I. Simple Fruits  formed from single flower, single ovary

I.A. Dry Fruits
 Fruits in which the coat becomes dry at maturity (fruit
wall is leathery, papery or woody)
 Pericarp  thin & membranous
 Example : rice, corn, peanut
I.B. Fleshy Fruits - A fruit in which the wall becomes soft
and fleshy as it matures
- Pericarp : thick  epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp
Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
I.B. Fleshy Fruits
1. Stone Fruit / Drupe - A one-seeded simple
fruit developed from a superior ovary in
which the innermost portion of the wall
(endocarp) becomes hard and stony, the
outermost part (exocarp / epicarp) becomes
a relatively thin skin, and the middle portion
between the skin and the stone (mesocarp)
becomes either fleshy or fibrous.
[Example : peach, plum, cherry, mango,
apricot]
Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
I.B. Fleshy Fruits
1. Stone Fruit / Drupe
2. Berry - A simple fruit in which the ovary wall
or at least its inner portions become enlarged
and usually juicy.
- thick epicarp; fleshy mesocarp & endocarp
[Example : grape, tomato, banana, kiwi,
eggplant, guava]
Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
I.B. Fleshy Fruits
2. Berry
Two special types :
(a) Hesperidium - This is a special type of berry in
which a leathery rind forms; the interior of the fruit
divided by septa, indicating the number of carpels.
Epicarp  leathery. Mesocarp  white, fibrous.
Endocarp  forms chambers contain juicy placenta
hair cells (Citrus fruits - lemon, lime, orange)
(b) Pepo - This is a special type of berry in which a
relatively hard rind is formed; the interior of fruit not
divided by septa. (Cucurbitaceae : watermelon,
pumpkin, cucumber)
Drupe vs Berry
Pistil & Carpel
Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
I.B. Fleshy Fruits
3. Pome
Fruits that have a "core" of several small
seeds, surrounded by a tough membrane. The
membrane is encased in an edible layer of
flesh  Example : Apple, pear
 Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
II. Aggregate fruit
 A fruit formed by the development of a
number of pistils from the same flower
(several ovaries that were separate in a
single flower)  bunch of fruitlets
 Examples : Raspberry, blackberry,
strawberry, sugar apple (sirkaya)
 Classification of Fruits
I. Simple Fruits
II. Aggregate fruit
III. Multiple fruit / Composite fruit
Multiple fruits / collective fruits  fruiting
bodies formed from a cluster of fruiting flowers.
Each flower produces a fruit, but these mature
into a single mass in which each flower has
produced a true fruit. All floral parts together
form the fruit.
Examples : pineapple, jackfruit, noni /
‘mengkudu’ (Morinda citrifolia), breadfruit /
‘sukun’, mulberry
Multiple Fruits