PANNIEULITIS

Presented by Nishchint Banga

BPT 4th year
PANNIEULITIS

 Panniculitis is a group of conditions that cause painful bumps, or nodules, to

form under your skin, often on your legs and feet. These bumps create
inflammation in the fat layer under your skin.
 This layer is called the panniculus, or subcutaneous fat layer. It’s the type of
fat that provides insulation and helps regulate your body temperature.
 There are many different types of panniculitis. 
 You’re more likely to get panniculitis if you have an infection, inflammatory
disease, or connective tissue disorder. These conditions sometimes affect
young or middle-aged women.
SYMPTOMS

Might also have body-wide symptoms, such as:

 fatigue
 fever
 general sick feeling (malaise)
 joint and muscle pain
 abdominal pain
 nausea and vomiting
 weight loss
 bulging of the eye
• Although there are many different types of panniculus, they all cause similar
symptoms. The main symptom is painful or tender bumps called nodules that
form in the layer of fat under your skin. The bumps vary in size.
• Most often find these bumps on your legs and feet. Sometimes they’ll
appear on your face, arms, chest, abdomen, and buttocks. The skin over
these bumps might become discolored.
• The bumps are large and deep. The tissue around them may break down.
This is called necrosis. An oily substance may drain from them when this
happens.
• These symptoms can come and go. The lumps may fade after a few days and
weeks but then come back months or years later. After the bumps fade,
they can leave behind a groove, or indentation, in your skin.
• Inflammation in your body can also damage organs such as your liver,
pancreas, lungs, and bone marrow.
TYPES OF PANNICULITS

Classification panniculitis based on which part of the fat layer under the skin is
inflamed. Septal panniculitis affects the connective tissue around the
fat. Lobular panniculitis affects fat lobules.
This condition can also affect different types of immune cells in your skin,
including:
 histiocytes
 lymphocytes
 neutrophils
Most types of panniculitis have both septal and lobular inflammation. Some forms
include inflamed blood vessels in the skin, called vasculitis.
More specific types of panniculitis include:

Erythema nodosum: This is the most common form of panniculitis. It causes red,

painful lumps to form on the front of your lower legs. It also causes more general
symptoms like fever, headache, and eye problems.
Cold panniculitis: This type affects areas of skin that have been exposed to
extreme cold, such as can occur when spending time outdoors.
Lipodermatosclerosis: This type is linked to vein problems and obesity. It often
affects overweight women over 40.
Erythema induratum: This form affects the calves of middle-aged women.
Subcutaneous sarcoidosis: This type is caused by the disease sarcoidosis.
Weber-Christian disease: This term is used to describe a form of the disease that
often affects women in midlife. It causes bumps on the thighs and lower legs. It
can also involve other organs.
CAUSES

 Infections from bacteria (such as tuberculosis and streptococcus), viruses,

fungi, or parasites
 inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
 diabetes
 injuries, such as from intense exercise, exposure to very cold temperatures,
or injections of medicine into the fat layer under your skin
 connective tissue disorders such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and 
scleroderma
 medicines such as sulfonamide antibiotics, iodide, bromide, and large doses
of corticosteroids.
CAUSES

 Sarcoidosis, which is a condition that causes clumps of inflammatory cells to

form in your body
 cancers like leukemia and lymphoma
 pancreatic diseases
 alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic disorder that causes lung
disease and liver disease
Sometimes panniculitis has no obvious cause. This is called idiopathic
panniculitis.
HOW TO DIAGNOSIS

 Your doctor might also do one or more of these other tests to check for
conditions that cause panniculitis:
 a throat swab to check for bacterial infection
 a blood test to check levels of the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin
 erythrocyte sedimentation rate blood test to look for inflammation in your
body
 chest X-ray
 CT scan
HOW TO DIAGNOSIS

 To diagnose panniculitis, your doctor will examine your skin and ask about
your medical history and symptoms. Your doctor will likely remove a small
piece of your skin, which is called a biopsy.
 The tissue sample will go to a lab to be checked under a microscope for
inflammation and other signs of panniculitis.
TREATMENT

GOAL :-
The goal in treating panniculitis is to bring down inflammation and relieve your symptoms.
 Medicines used to treat panniculitis include:
 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin (Bufferin) or ibuprofen (Advil) to bring
down inflammation and relieve pain
 antibiotics, such as tetracycline, to treat an infection
 hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug, to bring down inflammation
 potassium iodide to relieve symptoms
 steroid drugs taken by mouth or as an injection for a short period of time to bring down
inflammation
PHYSICAL THERAPY

You can relieve the swelling and pain by:

 getting lots of rest
 elevating the affected body part
 wearing compression stockings
If treatments don’t relieve the bumps, surgery is an option to remove the
affected areas of skin.
THANK YOU