EE111

Circuit Analysis

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Introduction
Lecture Outline
What do Electrical Engineers Do?
Charge
Current
Electrical Energy
Electrical Power
Circuit Elements
Dependent Vs Independent Sources

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Introduction
What do Electrical Engineers Do?
Electrical Engineers design, construct,
analyze and improve electrical and
electronic components and systems in
all shapes and sizes.

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Introduction
Electrical Engineering Overview
Communication System
Computer System
Control System
Power System
Signal Processing System

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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
Circuit Analysis Course Covers …

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Introduction
Basic Circuit Elements

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Introduction
Relation describing behavior of circuit
components

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Introduction
Problem Solving
Identify what is given and what to find
Sketch a circuit diagram or visual
model
Think of several solution methods and
decide on a way of choosing among
them
Calculate a solution
Use your creativity

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Introduction
International System of Units

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Introduction
 Derived Units in SI
Quantity Unit Name Formula
Frequency Hertz (Hz) s-1
Force newton (N) Kg*m/s2
Energy or work joule (J) M.M
Power watt (W) J/s
Electric Charge coulomb (C) A.S
Electric Potential volt (V) J/C
Electrical Resistance ohm (Ω) V/A
Electrical Conductance siemens (S) A/V
Electric Capacitance farad (F) C/V
Inductance henry (H) V*s/A

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Introduction
SI Prefixes

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Introduction
Charge … (1)
Charge is an electrical property of the
atomic particles of which matter consists,
measured in coulombs (C).
The charge e on an electron is negative and
equal in magnitude to 1.602×10−19 C, while a
proton carries a positive charge of the same
magnitude as the electron.
The presence of equal numbers of protons
and electrons leaves an atom neutrally
charged.
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Introduction
Charge … (2)
The following points should be noted about electric charge:
The coulomb is a large unit for charges. In 1 C of charge, there
are 1/(1.602 × 10−19) = 6.24 × 1018 electrons. Thus realistic or
laboratory values of charges are on the order of pC, nC, or μC

According to experimental observations, the only charges that

occur in nature are integral multiples of the electronic charge
e = −1.602 × 10−19 C.

The law of conservation of charge states that charge can

neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred. Thus the
algebraic sum of the electric charges in a system does not
change.

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Introduction
Electric Current
Electric current is the time rate of change
of charge, measured in amperes (A).

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Introduction
Direct Current Vs Alternating Current
A direct current (dc) is a current that remains constant
with time.
An alternating current (ac) is a current that varies
sinusoidally with time.

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Introduction
Examples … (1)

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Introduction
Examples … (2)

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Introduction
Examples … (3)

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Introduction
Examples … (4)

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Introduction
Voltage … (1)

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Introduction
Voltage … (2)
Voltage is the energy absorbed or expended as a unit charge
moves through a circuit element
Analogous to pressure in hydraulic system
Sometimes called potential difference
Can be created by a separation of charge
Is a measure of the potential between two points
Voltage pushes charge in one direction
We use polarity (+ and – on batteries) to indicates which
direction the charge is being pushed
Voltage is the energy required to move a unit charge
through an element, measured in volts (V)
where v = voltage in volts
w = energy in Joules
q = charge in coulombs

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Introduction
Voltage … (3)

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Introduction
Voltage … (4)

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Introduction
Voltage … (5)

 The voltage sources push current through the circuit

 The current is the rate flow of charge (i.e. electrons)
 The light bulb (resistor) resists the flow of current

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Introduction
Power … (1)

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Introduction
Power … (2)

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Introduction
Power … (3)

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Introduction
Energy … (1)

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Introduction
Example 1 … (1)

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Introduction
Example 1 … (2)

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Introduction
Example 1 … (3)

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Introduction
Example 2

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Introduction
1.6 Circuit Elements

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Introduction
Kinds of Sources

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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
Notes on Ideal Sources
 Ideal sources are models used to simplify analysis
 These devices do not exist physically

 Ideal models serve as a good approximation of physical devices,

but only over a limited operating range
 We will use and discuss more accurate models later in the term

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Introduction