Signals and Systems

Class 13
 4.6 System Analysis With The Fourier
Transform
From any of the previous steps…
1
Y( f )  X(f )
 j 2fRC  1
Let’s see the response of this system to a function ( x(t )  e t u (t ))
1
X(f )  Then:
1   j 2f
  j 2f 1 A B
Y( f )    
( jRC 2f  1) ( jRC 2f  1)(  j 2f ) (  j 2f ) ( jRC 2f  1)
Decomposition in simple fractions…
 1 1
for A ; f  : then A  
; A
j 2 ( jRC 2  1) (1  RC )
j 2
1 1 RC
for B ; f  : then B  ; B
j 2RC 1 (RC  1)
(  j 2 )
j 2RC
 4.6 System Analysis With The Fourier
Transform
1 RC
(1  RC ) (RC  1)  1  1   RC  1 
Y( f )          
(  j 2f ) ( jRC 2f  1)  (1  RC )  (  j 2f )   (1  RC )  ( jRC 2f  1) 
Rearrangin
g  
 1  1   RC  1   1 
Y ( f )     
 (1  RC )  RC  1 
(1   RC ) (  j 2f )
      (  j 2f ) 
 RC 
we know the inverse FT of these functions as:

  RC t 
1

y (t )  
1

 t
 
 e u (t )  
1
 e u (t ) 
 (1  RC )   (1  RC )  

 t
1 
 1  t
u (t )
y (t )    e  e RC
 (1  RC )  

 4.7 Steady State System Response to
Sinusoidal Input by Means of the FT
We know that the output of a LTI system is the convolution of the input with
the impulse response of the system.

y (t )   x( )h(t   )d  Y ( f )  X ( f ) H ( f )

H ( f )  H ( f ) e j H ( f )
If the input is a periodic signal x(t ) can be represented by its Fourier series as:

x(t )   X ne j 2nf t being the coefficients complex number as
0

n  

x(t )  X
n 
n e j x e jn 2f0t For just one component x(t )  X n e j 2nf 0 t

The FT of one of these components is then X ( f )  X n e j n  ( f  nf 0 )

The output spectrum is then Y ( f )  X ( f ) H ( f )   X n e j n  ( f  nf 0 )  H ( f ) e j H ( f ) 
 4.7 Steady State System Response to
Sinusoidal Input by Means of the FT
Rearranging Y ( f )  X n H ( f ) e j n e j H ( f ) ( f  nf 0 )
Because the property of the delta we can set
Y ( f )  X n H (nf 0 ) e j e j ( nf ) ( f  nf 0 )
x H 0

Rearranging Y ( f )  X n H (nf 0 ) e j  x  H ( nf0 )  ( f  nf 0 )

If we IFT this expression, using the frequency shift property
y (t )  X n H (nf 0 ) e j   x  H ( nf0 )  e j 2nf0
j 2nf 0 t
Remember that the input was x(t )  X n e
Therefore the output of the system is the same as the input modified
by the system frequency response at that particular frequency.
That is true for any sinusoidal input.
If x(t )  A cos(2f 0t   ) the output will be y (t )  A H ( f 0 ) cos(2f 0 t     H ( f 0 ))
In other words, is the same sinusoid where the amplitude is changed
and the phase is changed as well.