PIPE STRESS

ANALYSIS-1

BY
S.DEWAKER
 Need for analysis?
 Pipe stress analysis provides the necessary techniques for
engineers to design piping systems without overstressing and
overloading the piping components & connected equipment.
 The main purpose of analysis is to
1) Limit the stresses in the piping layout within the
allowable level.
2) Limit the deflection in the piping layout within the
allowable level.
3) Limit the loads on the equipment nozzle.
4) Check the leakage at the flanges.
5) Prevent unintentional disengagement of pipes from
supports
 Type of stresses acting on the Pipes.

 PRIMARY STRESSES: are caused by loads which

may lead to unacceptably large deformations or
ruptures
 SECONDARY STRESSES: are caused by loads which
are cyclic and lead to fatigue failure
LOADS WHICH CAUSE PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY STRESSES
 Loads Type of stresses

1) Pressure Primary
2) wind Primary
3) Earthquake Primary
4) Weight Primary
5) Impact Primary
6) Water hammer Primary
7) Vibration Secondary
8) Pressure transient Secondary
9) Thermal expansion Secondary
 Loads can be classified as
 Static :
1) Weight (Dead & live load)
2) Thermal expansion & contraction effect
3) Internal and external pressure loading.

 Dynamic:
1) Impact force
2) Wind load
3) Vibration
4) Seismic load
 Analysis can be classified as
1) Seismic analysis.
2) Non seismic analysis.
 Seismic analysis.
 Seismic load is generated based on the
response of the piping system based on the
building disturbances which are in turn due to
seismic acceleration experienced at the site.
 In seismic analysis, three factors are

considered self weight, OBE & SSE.

(OBE- operational basis earthquake & SSE- safe
shutdown earthquake).
 Inputs required for seismic analysis
 Piping data and material specification
 Valves and accessory data.

 Piping material properties. (modulus of

elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion etc)

 Seismic acceleration coefficient and Sam

(from civil dept)

SAM: seismic anchor movement.
 Procedure in seismic analysis
 Separate analysis is to be carried out for dead
weight and for thermal and seismic loads using
pipe stress package.
 Anchors shall be considered at equipment
nozzle and to separate different safety classes
of piping.
 Load cases and load combination cases are to
be considered to check individual stress and
combined effect stress.
 Output of seismic analysis
 Loads and displacement at support points
 Loads and moments at anchor points
 High stress points
 Displacement and stress at all nodes.
 Combined stress values ( if load combination
case is specified)
 Non seismic analysis
 In non seismic analysis only two factors are
considered self weight and OBE
( OBE – Operational basis earthquake.)
 Inputs to non seismic analysis:
 Isometric of the entire system with all major
dimensions.
 Weight or density and thickness of insulation for each
pipe size.
 Pipe size and wall thickness or pipe schedule.
 Maximum operating temperature & pressure.
 Location of known anchors, guides, supports (support
steel and rod hangers), and stops.
 Information on equipment for nozzle movements.
 Pipe material specification.
 Weight of valves (both manual and automatic) and
strainers.
Procedure involved in non seismic:
1) No. Of piping models and their terminal points to be
identified for analysis purpose.
2) Support locations and its feasibility to be identified.
3) Prepare support sketches.
4) After preliminary supports and their locations are
identified, determine support stiffness for each
support.
5) Preliminary seismic analysis
6) Review analysis results.
7) Pipe support qualification.
8) Continue from point (4) till the stresses are within the
allowable limits.
 Output of non seismic analysis

The following outputs are obtained.

 Loads and displacement at support points.

 Load and moments at anchor points.

 High stress points.

 Displacements and stress at all nodes.

 Combined stress values ( if load combination case is

specified).

These loads are applied on the supports and stresses are

checked against the allowable values for qualifying the
support members. STAAD PRO program is being used to
create mathematical model and qualification of the support
members.
 STRESS COMBINATION AND CODE COMPILANCE

Code Equation Loads Service Level Allowable Stress

Number of ASME
Sec. III NC or ND
for Class-2 &
Class-3
8 Pr + SL Design Conditions 1.5 SH

ND-3654.2 (b) (2) SL C 0.5 SM

ND-3654.2 (b) (3) Pr + SL + OBE C 2.1 SM

ND-3654.2 (b) (4) OBESAM C 4.2 SM

ND-3655 (b) (2) SL D 0.5 SM

ND-3655 (b) (3) Pr + SL + SSE D 3 SM

ND-3655 (b) (4) SSESAM D 6 SM

10 TH A&B SA

11 Pr + SL + TH A&B Sh + SA
Pr : Internal Design Pressure.
SL : Sustained Loads.
OL : Occasional Loads.
OBE : Operating basis Earthquake.
SSE : Safe Shutdown Earthquake.
TH : Thermal Loads.
Sh : Basic material allowable stress at design

temperature.
SA :Allowable stress range for expansion stresses
= f ( 1.25 Sc+ 0.25 Sh)
F :Stress range reduction factor.
SC :Basic material allowable stress at cold temperature.
Sm :Design stress intensity. 
 CAEPIPE
CODE COMPLIANCE:
PS+CAEPIPE performs calculations required to
comply with the following codes:
 ASME Section III, Classes – 2 and 3

 ANSI B31.1

 ANSI B31.3
 Other Computer programs:
 CAESAR
 PIPE STRESS
 AUTO PIPE