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 OUTLINING
-a good way to create a visual
picture of what you have read
-we record the writer’s
organization
 OUTLIN
E
-is a tool for organizing ideas
- A writer lists down all ideas relevantto the
topic, sorts them all into major
andminor ones,
and creates an outline out of them.
 WHY DO WE OUTLINE?
 It gives an overview of the topic and enables us
to see how various subtopics relate to one
another
 Recording the information in our own words
tests our understanding of what we read
 It is an effective way to record needed
information from reference books you do not
own
 HOW TO MAKE AN OUTLINE?

I. First major idea

A. First supporting detail
1. Detail
2. Detail
B. Second supporting detail
1. Detail
a. Minor detail or example
b. Minor detail or example
II. Second major idea
A. First supporting detail
 TWO SYSTEMS OF
OUTLINING
1. Alpha Numeric Outline
-- uses both letters and numbers
as labels.

2. Decimal Outline
-- uses only numbers as labels
I
.
A 1.
.
1.1
B.
1.2.
C
II 1.3
.
.
A 2. Decimal Outline
.
1. 2.1
a. 2.2
b. 2.2.1
B. 2.2.2
1. 3.
2. 3.1
a. 3.2
b.
III
.
A.
Alphanumeric Outline
B.
C
 4 PRINCIPLES IN
OUTLINING
1.Coordination
2.Subordination
3.Division
4.Parallel construction
1.Coordination Requires ideas of the same
relevance to be labeled in the
same way.

2. Subordination Shows that minor details have to

be placed under their respective
major details
3. Division Requires that no cluster should
contain only one item.

4. Parallel construction

Requires all entries in each cluster

to use the same structure and
format
 Coordination
 is the principle of outlining topics into
groups of thoughts in a balanced manner.

This means that for each main point, you

will need to group similar thoughts
together so the audience has an easier
time following the thoughts in your
speech. 
example
 Subordination
 is the principle of outlining topics
in levels from general thoughts to
specific thoughts. 
 Division
is the principle of outlining levels in
a similar and balanced pattern.
 Parallel Construction

Requires all entries in each cluster to

use the same structure and format