Components of Brake system

Master Cylinder

The master cylinder is a device that

converts the operation force applied by
the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure.
Currently, the tandem master cylinder,
which includes two pistons, generate
hydraulic pressure in two-systems
brake line.
Principle of braking system

When the brake pedal is

depressed, the master
cylinder converts this force
into hydraulic pressure. Brake
pedal operation is based on
the principle of the lever, and
converting a small pedal force
into a large force acting on
the master cylinder.
Types of brake lines

The hydraulic pressure sent to the two

systems from the master cylinder is
transmitted to the disc brake calipers or
wheel cylinders. The brake line layout
differs between FR vehicles and FF
vehicles.

In FR vehicles the brake lines are divided in

to a front wheel system and rear wheel
system, but in FF vehicles diagonal piping is
used.
Master cylinder

When the brake pedal is

depressed, the force is
transmitted via the push rod to
the master cylinder where the
piston is pushed.

The force of the hydraulic

pressure generated inside the
master cylinder is transmitted
via the brake lines to the each
wheel cylinder.
When the brakes are not applied

The piston cups of No.1 and No.2

piston are positioned between the inlet
port and the compensating port,
providing a passage between the
master cylinder and the reservoir tank.
No.2 piston is pushed to the right by
force of No.2 return spring, but
prevented from going any further by a
stopper bolt.
When the brake pedal is depressed

No.1 piston moves to the left

and the piston cup seals the
compensating port to block the
passage between the cylinder
and the reservoir tank. As the
piston is pushed farther, it
increases the hydraulic
pressure inside the master
cylinder.
Brake pedal is released

The pistons are returned to

their original position by
hydraulic pressure and the
force of the return springs.
However, because the
brake fluid does not return
from the wheel cylinder
immediately, the hydraulic
pressure inside the master
cylinder momentarily drops
(a vacuum develops).
Fluid leakage in rear side

When the brake pedal is depressed, No.1 piston moves to the left but does not create
hydraulic pressure in the rear side. No.1 piston therefore compresses the return spring,
contacts No.2 piston, and pushes it No.2 piston increases hydraulic pressure in the
front end of the master cylinder, which allows two of the brakes to be operated from
the front of the master cylinder.
Fluid leakage in front side

Since hydraulic pressure is not generated in the front side, No.2 piston
advances until it contacts the wall at the far end of the master cylinder.
When No.1 piston is pushed farther to the left from this position, hydraulic
pressure increases in the rear side of the master cylinder, which allows two
of the brakes to be operated from the rear of the master cylinder.
Brake Booster

The brake booster is a device that

utilizes the difference between the
engine vacuum and the
atmospheric pressure to generate
a strong force (power boost) that is
proportional to the pedal
depression force to operate the
brakes.